We present numerical predictions and experimental observations of the drag force on major branches a model tree as well wind field in its wake. The was mounted sensor tunnel. simulations solved both Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes detached eddy simulations, combination with an immersed boundary representation tree, while measurements were obtained WindEEE Dome. Contrary to previous studies tree...

A novel e cient implicit direct forcing immersed boundary method for incompressible flows with complex boundaries is presented. In the previous work [1], the calculation is performed on the Cartesian grid regardless of the immersed object, with a fictitious force evaluated on the Lagrangian points to mimic the presence of the physical boundaries. However the explicit direct forcing method [1] f...

The term “immersed boundary method” was first used in reference to a method developed by Peskin (1972) to simulate cardiac mechanics and associated blood flow. The distinguishing feature of this method was that the entire simulation was carried out on a Cartesian grid, which did not conform to the geometry of the heart, and a novel procedure was formulated for imposing the effect of the immerse...