BACKGROUND Immunization is regarded as the single most cost-effective way to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases. With the rising cost of the National Immunization Programme (NIP) in Sri Lanka, immunization costing studies could help programme managers to ensure sustainable immunization financing in the country. METHODS Four medical officer of health (MOH) divisions in Kalutara district were...

Vaccine-preventable diseases contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of U.S. adults. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updates its recommended adult immunization schedule annually. The most recent updates include the permissive but not routine use of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent genital ...

The National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in the United States is the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The ACIP was established in 1964 by the US Surgeon General to assist in the prevention and control of communicable diseases, and includes a chair, an executive secretary, 15 voting members, 8 ex officio members and liaison representatives from 26 health-rel...

A liquid pentavalent vaccine containing DTwP-HepB-Hib was incorporated in the Universal Immunization Program of India with the funding from Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). India introduced pentavalent vaccine in two states namely, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala in 2011. The combination vaccine offers simplification of immunization schedule, reduced cost, better acceptance and l...

OBJECTIVES To describe variation in clinician recommendations for multiple injections during the adoption of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in 2 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and to test the hypothesis that variation in recommendations would be associated with variation in immunization coverage rates. DESIGN Cross-sectional study based on a survey of clinician practices...

It is increasingly apparent that prevention, rather than treatent, of infectious diseases offers significant health and economic enefits to individuals and populations. Combined with the increasng virulence of some pathogens, and the increasing rates of ntimicrobial resistance, as well as the tremendous costs associted with treating disease once it has occurred, vaccines are a highly ost-effect...

task graph scheduling is a multi-objective optimization and np-hard problem. in this paper a new algorithm on homogeneous multiprocessors systems is proposed. basically, scheduling algorithms are targeted to balance the two parameters of time and energy consumption. these two parameters are up to a certain limit in contrast with each other and improvement of one causes reduction in the other on...