Cancer immunotherapy is gaining momentum in the clinic. The current challenge is to understand why a proportion of cancer patients do not respond to cancer immunotherapy, and how this can be translated into the rational design of combinatorial cancer immunotherapy strategies aimed at maximizing success of immunotherapy. Here, we discuss how tumors orchestrate an immunosuppressive microenvironme...

Antimalarial chemotherapy continues to be challenging in view of the emergence of drug resistance, especially artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia. It is critical that novel antimalarial drugs are identified that inhibit new targets with unexplored mechanisms of action. It has been demonstrated that the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin, which is currently in clinical use to prevent organ-tr...

The currently used immunosuppressive drugs have a narrow therapeutic index which required to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. Pharmacogenetic is the use of genetic screening to prevent metabolic responses to different immunosuppressive drugs. Since the oxidative enzymes cytochrome P450 CYP3A and the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) play a pivotal role in immunosupp...

OBJECTIVES Immunosuppressive pharmacologic agents prescribed to patients with diffuse interstitial and inflammatory lung disease and lung transplant recipients are associated with potential risks for adverse reactions. Strategies for minimizing such risks include administering these drugs according to established, safe protocols; monitoring to detect manifestations of toxicity; and patient educ...

We recently developed a murine protocol for the induction of allogeneic mixed chimerism and tolerance employing nonmyeloablative total body irradiation (TBI), standard-dose bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and costimulation blockade (cobl) with an anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus CTLA4Ig. We now evaluated whether a short course (1 month) of immunosuppressive drugs, which would be eth...

background early treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) is necessary for a successful tuberculosis (tb) control program. objectives the objective of this study was to determine total treatment delay and its associated factors among ptb patients in ahvaz. patients and methods a retrospective study was performed among newly diagnosed ptb cases registered in 2010 at the ahvaz health center. tot...

In the context of prospective trials of immunosuppressive drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis, 83 patients were studied with regard to development of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster was found to occur with high frequency (21%) in patients with SLE nephritis treated with immunosuppressive agents. The course of herpes zoster was benign: no deaths occurred and only 2 of the 18 patie...