introduction the historical experience of development process in developed countries revealed that rural development is a basic requirement for national development and that it should be considered and given high priority. accordingly in iran, the government also paid more attention to rural development in recent years. in this regard, different methods and approaches were implemented due to so...

We report the peculiar behavior of the oblique impacts of a single sphere on stationary like spheres arranged in a tetrahedral array. We compare the resulting kinematic coefficient of normal restitution to that in impacts on a single sphere attached to a thick plate and in binary impacts. The results provide detailed insight into the generation of ejecta in the saltation process.

Background: Food waste is a very serious problem, it is proven that Indonesia is the second largest producer of food waste in the world. A limited waste management system will result in a decrease in environmental quality such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. So far, the waste management system is only limited to reducing waste generation. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a ...

The California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA) Environmental Justice Action Plan calls for guidelines for evaluating "cumulative impacts." As a first step toward such guidelines, a screening methodology for assessing cumulative impacts in communities was developed. The method, presented here, is based on the working definition of cumulative impacts adopted by Cal/EPA: "Cumulative impa...

Participatory processes for obtaining residents' input about community impacts of proposed environmental management actions have long raised concerns about who participates in public involvement efforts and whose interests they represent. This study explored methods of broad-based involvement and the role of deliberation in social impact assessment. Interactive community forums were conducted i...

CONTEXT Little is known about the impact biomechanics sustained by players during interscholastic football. OBJECTIVE To characterize the location and magnitude of impacts sustained by players during an interscholastic football season. DESIGN Observational design. SETTING On the field. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS High school varsity football team (n = 35; age = 16.85 +/- 0.75 years, ...

Impact modelling for shot peening or peen forming has progressed from simulating a single impact (or local multiple impacts) to simulating a large number of multiple impacts. It is the aim of this paper to provide quantitative results with a detailed finite element study, and to compare the effects of a single impact and global multiple impacts. Using a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric single ...

This paper reviews the (predominantly grey) literature on impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strain H5N1 and control responses on the livestock sector and associated industries in developing countries. The authors distinguish between impacts that arise directly through HPAI-related morbidity and mortality, those that are a consequence of public intervention to control or eradic...

[Drought indicators are proliferating, but with little consideration of which are most meaningful for describing drought impacts. A number of recent reviews compare different drought indicators, but none assess which indicators are actually used in the many operational drought monitoring and early warning efforts, why they were selected, or whether they have been ‘ground-truthed’, i.e., compare...

UNLABELLED Few studies have related the common oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) impacts in children to perceived causes. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence, extent and intensity of oral impacts in relation to perceived clinical conditions in primary school children in South Africa. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a random sample of children attending 26 schools. The Child Oral ...