CONTEXT It has been suggested that after an incident in which a patient has been placed in seclusion or in restraints, an intervention should be conducted after the event to ensure continuity of care and prevent recurrences. Several terms are used, and various models have been suggested for post-seclusion and/or restraint review; however, the intervention has never been precisely defined. OBJ...

In the present study, we have examined neurochemical correlates that may be involved in the differential cardiovascular responses observed in normotensive and hypertensive rats during stress. Using a restraint stress paradigm, both normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent acute (1 h restraint in a perspex tube), chronic (1 h restraint for ten consecuti...

We evaluated the effects of restraint on occurrences of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and adaptive responses exhibited by 2 individuals across eight response-effort conditions: baseline (no restraints); restraint sleeves without stays; restraints with 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 thin metal stays; and restraints with five thick metal stays. From this analysis, we identified a restraint level for each p...

BACKGROUND Restraint stress (RS) markedly increases interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) generation in brain structures involved in hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation. The IL-1β-induced transient stimulation of HPA axis activity was parallel in time and magnitude to respective changes in regulation of HPA activity. In the present experiment the expression of neuron al and inducible ...

Regulation of ACTH secretion changes between early (40 d) and late (60 d) puberty in male rats. We tested whether this occurs because of activating effects of testosterone on the brain. We measured testosterone and ACTH responses to repeated restraint in adrenalectomized, corticosterone-replaced rats entering and leaving puberty with or without treatment with flutamide, a nonsteroidal androgen-...

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of restraint stress applied at different times of the light-dark cycle on feeding behavior and body weight of rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were restrained for 3 h in restraining tubes either at the start or the end of the light cycle. There was a significant reduction in food intake on the day of restraint and no change in food intake duri...