Fault tolerance can be achieved in distributed systems by replication. However, Fischer, Lynch and Paterson have proven an impossibility result about consensus in the asynchronous system model. Similar impossibility results have been established for atomic broadcast and group membership, and should be as such relevant for implementations of a replicated service. However, the practical impact of...

Abstract Methodological individualists often claim that any social phenomenon can ultimately be explained in terms of the actions and interactions individuals. Any Nagelian version methodological individualism requires there bridge laws translate statements into individualistic ones. We show put to logical scrutiny by making relevant languages fully explicit mathematically precise. In particula...

There is now a growing consensus among democratic theorists that we should incorporate both “democratic deliberation” and “aggregative voting” into our processes. But how the two mechanisms of deliberation voting interact? In this article, introduce new axiom, which call “Nonnegative Response toward Successful Deliberation” (NNRD). The basic idea if some individuals change their preferences oth...