Sexual differentiation occurs prenatally in guinea pigs but extends into the postnatal period in rats. Steroids affect the development of two motoneuron nuclei of the rat lumbar spinal cord that innervate sexually dimorphic perineal muscles. The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) innervates the bulbocavernosus (BC) and levator ani (LA) muscles while the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN) inner...

Non-equilibrium aging dynamics in 3D Ising spin glass Cu0.5Co0.5Cl2-FeCl3 GBIC has been studied by zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization and low frequency AC magnetic susceptibility (f = 0.05 Hz), where Tg = 3.92± 0.11 K. The time dependence of the relaxation rate S(t) = (1/H)dMZF C/dln t for the ZFC magnetization after the ZFC aging protocol, shows a peak at a characteristic time tcr near a wa...

Adult rat lumbar motoneurons in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) respond to androgens with an increase in soma size. This response is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) in these motoneurons. Interestingly, other lumbar motoneurons in the rat possess the AR, yet do not respond to androgens in this fashion. This paradox suggests the existence and participation of nuclear recept...

TO THE EDITOR: Francescato et al. (1) contrast the lack of interindividual correlation between the phosphocreatine (PCr) time constant ( PCr) and the ADP concentration ([ADP]) change from rest to steady state ( [ADP]S) during moderate aerobic exercise with the fact that “. . .ADP concentration is commonly thought to be one of the main feedback signals controlling mitochondrial respiration” (1),...

Abstract We present a successful realization of sneutrino tribrid inflation model based on gauged U(1)_B-L extension Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). A single interaction term involving the B-L Higgs field and right-handed neutrinos serves multiple purposes. These include generation heavy Majorana masses for to provide an explanation tiny neutrino via seesaw mechanism, realistic sc...

The discovery of a large array of tumor antigens has demonstrated that host lymphocytes can indeed recognize and destroy tumor cells as originally proposed in the cancer immunosurveillance hypothesis. Recent reports that led to the cancer immunoediting concept also strongly support the immunosurveillance hypothesis, and they further indicate that the host immune system plays a critical role not...

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is mediated by neuroantigen-specific pro-inflammatory T cells of the Th1 and Th17 effector class. Th-17 cells can be clearly defined by expression of IL-17, but not IFN-γ, IL-2 or IL-3. Th1 cells do not express IL-17, but it is unclear presently to what extent they co-express the cytokines canonically assigned to Th1 immunity (i.e., IFN-γ, IL-2 and ...

Vaccinations are extremely effective at combating infectious diseases. Many conserved antigen (Ag) targets, however, are poorly immunogenic. Protein subunit vaccines frequently elicit only humoral immune responses and fail to confer protection against serious intracellular pathogens. These barriers to vaccine development are often overcome by the use of appropriate adjuvants. Heat-labile entero...

[1] Pore fluid pressure plays an important role in the frictional strength and stability of tectonic faults. We report on laboratory measurements of porosity changes associated with transient increases in shear velocity during frictional sliding within simulated finegrained quartz fault gouge (d50 = 127 mm). Experiments were conducted in a novel true triaxial pressure vessel using the double-di...