We present a survey of the basic mechanisms and properties of existing clustering algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks. Based on this evaluation, we then propose a new algorithm with improved stability and a lower communication overhead. This is partly achieved by using a maintenance function that modifies the existing clustering structure rather than building a new one from scratch. Prelimi...

Wireless sensor networks are mobile ad-hoc networks in which sensors have constraint resource and communication. Providing data and connection security needs appropriate encryption protocols. Key management is a basic security mechanism for wireless sensor networks. While several key management schemes have been proposed for sensor networks, it is still a challenging issue in these networks. Se...

This paper presents a modified nine switch inverter with two inputs and two Z-source networks. This inverter has two DC inputs and two AC outputs. Input DC voltages can be boosted to the required level. Amplitude, frequency and phase of AC output voltages can be controlled, independently. The proposed converter can be used in applications with two unregulated DC sources, which require feeding ...

by the appropriate use of information technology, organizations can achieve sustainable competitive advantages. this technology because of including some characteristics such as being up-to-date, fast and precise and having different geographic localities all the time, has improved organizational efficiency, effectiveness and performance. in this article, we intend to investigate the role and e...

The mobile communication enabled by cellular networks is the one of main foundations our modern society. Optimizing performance and providing massive connectivity with improved coverage user experience has a considerable social economic impact on daily life. This relies heavily configuration network parameters. However, increase in both size complexity networks, management, especially parameter...

in this paper, the gain in ld-celp speech coding algorithm is predicted using three neural models, that are equipped by genetic and particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithms to optimize the structure and parameters of neural networks. elman, multi-layer perceptron (mlp) and fuzzy artmap are the candidate neural models. the optimized number of nodes in the first and second hidden layers of el...

Abstract In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used in many fields. Nowadays, CNNs a high learning capability, and this capability is accompanied by more complex model architecture. Complex architectures allow to learn data features, but such process tends reduce the training model’s ability generalize unknown data, may be associated with problems of overfitting. Altho...