To help understand the potential impact of bacterial coinfection during pandemic influenza periods, we undertook a far-reaching review of the existing literature to gain insights into the interaction of influenza and bacterial pathogens. Reports published between 1950 and 2006 were identified from scientific citation databases using standardized search terms. Study outcomes related to coinfecti...

We report here trends in the usage of "mood" words, that is, words carrying emotional content, in 20th century English language books, using the data set provided by Google that includes word frequencies in roughly 4% of all books published up to the year 2008. We find evidence for distinct historical periods of positive and negative moods, underlain by a general decrease in the use of emotion-...

One of lit" JJl<>:>l i"flu"ntial f,dU'l""'od, ,, for lite "tudy of pe'''''plion has been James J. Gibson's ecological approach. This approach is noi a theory, but a melatheory, of ho ..... we perceive and understand the \\TOrld around us through our senses. As a melalhoory it dissolves old problems and creatl'S new ones, fostering neW ways 10 think about perception and creating 00 ..... antinom...

Family Figures in 20th-Century British ‘Psy’ Discourses Wendy Hollway Open University ABSTRACT. This article takes the three figures child, mother-child couple and father and charts their discursive movements over the course of the 20th century in Britain, concentrating particularly on the changes happening around the time of the 1939-45 war. Over time, there is a significant shift from the ind...

Here is a crude list, possibly summarizing the role of paradoxes within the framework of mathematical logic: 1. directly motivating important theories (e.g. type theory, axiomatic set theory, combinatory

IN THE 20TH CENTURY an interaction between chemists and physicians was highly successful. Many researchers were graduated both in chemistry and medicine like Janusz Supniewski (1899–1964). His education enabled him to explore a role of acetaldehyde in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic dogs (1926), to synthesize the imidazole derivative with anti-histaminic action (1928), to disc...

Trends in Canadian temperature and precipitation during the 20th century are analyzed using recently updated and adjusted station data. Six elements, maximum, minimum and mean temperatures along with diurnal temperature range (DTR), precipitation totals and ratio of snowfall to total precipitation are investigated. Anomalies from the 1961–1990 reference period were first obtained at individual ...

The skill premium fell substantially in the first part of the 20th century, and then rose at the end of the century. I argue that these changes are connected to the organization of production. When production is organized into large plants, jobs become routinized, favoring less skilled workers. Building on the notion that numerically controlled machines made capital more “flexible” at the end o...

The history of physics from the middle of the 19th century until 2000 is presented. The dominant drive for the development is related to the creation of Quantum Mechanics in the first half of the 20th century. New concepts like the particle-wave duality and the definition of an elementary particle are discussed. The explosion of the number of particles, due to new accelerators, led to the theor...

OBJECTIVE The present review addresses the outcome of anorexia nervosa and whether it changed over the second half of the 20th century. METHOD A total of 119 study series covering 5,590 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa that were published in the English and German literature were analyzed with regard to mortality, global outcome, and other psychiatric disorders at follow-up. RESULTS...