BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nutritional status is a prognostic factor for survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We investigated the contribution of some of the components contributing to resting energy expenditure (REE) in order to determine whether potentially higher energy needs should be considered for these patients. METHODS Thirty three ALS patients and 33 age- and gender-mat...

Effect of density variations on mass conservation properties is widely recognized in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), thus non-conservative form scalar transport equation was commonly adopted within framework hybrid LBM. Focusing compressible LBM, and its effect energy are studied this paper. Starting from analysis law recovered by consistency between conservative formulations based various ...

Abstract An adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique based on nodal linked-list data structure for lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed in this paper. It makes connections between which hierarchical and LBM calculation to retain the simplicity of LBM. Based uniform meshes, algorithm refines meshes by constructing nodes levels refined. In structure, relationships neighbors upper lower leve...

BACKGROUND Loss of muscle mass and function is an important complication to ageing and a range of pathologies, including, but not restricted to, cancer, organ failures, and sepsis. A number of interventions have been proposed ranging from exercise to anabolic pharmacological therapy, with varying success. Easily applicable serological biomarkers of lean and/or muscle mass and change therein wou...

In the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), widely utilized wall boundary is bounce-back (BB) boundary, which corresponds to no-slip boundary. The BB prevents LBM from capturing accurate shear drag on when addressing high Reynolds number flows using coarse-grid systems. this study, we proposed a "wall-function bounce (WFB)" that incorporates function into LBM's condition and overcomes limitation of ...

Growth hormone (GH) treatment reverses the muscle loss allegedly responsible for diminished aerobic capacity and increased fatigue in patients with HIV-associated wasting. This study examined whether submaximal measures of physical performance can be used as objective measures of the functional impact of GH treatment-induced anabolism. We randomized 27 HIV-positive men [mean (SD) age, 43.9 (7.2...

We present an efficient implementation of the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for the numerical simulation of the propagation of long ocean waves (e.g., tsunamis), based on the Nonlinear Shallow Water (NSW) wave equation. The LBM solution of NSW equations is fully nonlinear and it is assumed that the surface elevation is single-valued (hence, waves do not break or overturn). For the treatment of...

This paper studies the three dimensional (3D) simulation of fluid flows through the ball grid array (BGA) to replicate the real underfill encapsulation process. The effect of different solder bump arrangements of BGA on the flow front, pressure and velocity of the fluid is investigated. The flow front, pressure and velocity for different time intervals are determined and analyzed for potential ...

We construct a system of nonequilibrium entropy limiters for the lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM). These limiters erase spurious oscillations without blurring of shocks, and do not affect smooth solutions. In general, they do the same work for LBM as flux limiters do for finite differences, finite volumes and finite elements methods, but for LBM the main idea behind the construction of nonequili...

BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of testosterone treatment (TT) are debated. METHODS Double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of six months TT (gel) in 54 men aged 60-78 with bioavailable testosterone (BioT) <7.3 nmol/L and waist >94 cm randomized to TT (50-100 mg/day, n = 20), placebo (n = 18), or strength training (ST) (n = 16) for 24 weeks. Moreover, the ST group was randomized to TT (n =...