The paper reports on creation of analogue models of structures in virtual reality, using an emergent, or bottom-up approach, inspired by laws of Complexity. This approach focuses on component based modelling using fundamental laws of physics. The creation of system models is then achieved through interaction of the components, from the bottom-up, leading to a self-organisation of the system mod...

One goal of artificial intelligence research is to create computers that can program themselves. Genetic Programming is a method of automatically generating computer programs through a process analogous to biological natural selection. Through a series of generations, programs are “evolved” to solve a given problem, increasingly with human-competitive results [KBIAM96]. In this paper we start w...

Intelligent artificial agents need to be able to explain and justify their actions. They must therefore understand the rationales for their own actions. This paper describes a technique for acquiring this understanding, implemented in a multimedia explanation system. The system determines the motivation for a decision by recalling the situation in which the decision was made, and replaying the ...

One says that a property P of sets of natural numbers can be made into itself iff there is a numbering α0, α1, . . . of all left-r.e. sets such that the index set {e : αe satisfies P} has the property P as well. For example, the property of being Martin-Löf random can be made into itself. Herein we characterize those singleton properties which can be made into themselves. A second direction of ...

The proliferation of networked devices, systems, and applications that we depend on every day makes managing networks more important than ever. The increasing security, availability, and performance demands of these applications suggest that these increasingly difficult network management problems be solved in real time, across a complex web of interacting protocols and systems. Alas, just as t...

I n humans, IRE1 is central to one of three pathways that sense the presence of misfolded proteins in the ER, initiating early steps of the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress induces IRE1 multimerization and activation of its cytoplasmic RNase domain, which then cleaves the RNA encoding the transcription factor XBP1. This cleavage step allows XBP1's translation into protein so that it c...

O ne function of prions, the Jekyll-and-Hyde proteins behind illnesses such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and mad cow disease, has been identifi ed by Khosravani et al. The proteins calm brain cells, preventing them from dying of over-excitement. Only when a prion folds incorrectly does it trigger brain-ravaging diseases like CJD. The normally shaped version, which all body cells carry, pr...