Two experiments explored the development of cynicism by examining how children evaluate other people who make claims consistent or inconsistent with their self-interests. In Experiment 1, kindergartners, second graders, and fourth graders heard stories with ambiguous conclusions in which characters made statements that were aligned either with or against self-interest. Older children took into ...

BACKGROUND Feminization of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a prominent phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. Inconsistent condom use among young people is one of the major risk factors in the continued propagation of the epidemic. Therefore, it is of importance to increase knowledge of gender aspects of condom use among young people. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether gender differences regarding in...

We experimentally study the relationship between time inconsistency, sophistication about and self-commitment. Previous research has interpreted demand for commitment devices as evidence of a time-inconsistent decision-maker. In our laboratory experiment, we attempt to measure directly by way cognitive test. then test hypothesis that people who are both show high capacity take up when offered i...