Optical mark-sense scanning has lead to a resurgence in the use of paper ballots in the United States, despite a century of strong competition from paperless direct-recording voting systems. By the time mark-sense technology emerged, procedural measures had been developed to counter most of the vulnerabilities of paper ballots. Automatic counting of paper ballots poses technical and legal probl...

Permanent Exhibition of Medical History at Frenchay Hospital Forty years ago, many would have been forgiven for believing that most of Medical History had been written and it would have been impossible then to imagine that many additional chapters would have been documented by 1984 with the prospect of many more to come. In reality, many significant clinical developments have taken place even i...

Independence – the study of what is relevant to a given problem of reasoning – has received an increasing attention from the AI community. In this paper, we consider two basic forms of independence, namely, a syntactic one and a semantic one. We show features and drawbacks of them. In particular, while the syntactic form of independence is computationally easy to check, there are cases in which...

We will introduce different notions of independence, especially computational independence (or more precise independence by polynomial-size circuits (PSC)), which is the analog to computational indistinguishability. We will give some first implications and will show that an encryption scheme having PSC independent plaintexts and ciphertexts is equivalent to having indistinguishable encryptions.

This lecture covers the basics of core concepts in probability and statistics to be used in the course. These include random variables, continuous and discrete distributions, joint and conditional distributions, the chain rule, marginalization, Bayes Rule, independence and conditional independence, and expectation. Probability models are discussed along with the concepts of independently and id...

Numerous new properties of stochastic conditional independence are introduced. They are aimed, together with two surprisingly trivial examples, at a further reduction of the problem of probabilistic representability for four{element sets, i.e. of the problem which conditional independences within a system of four random variables can occur simultaneously. Proofs are based on fundamental propert...

In this paper, we propose a dynamic market mechanism that converges to the desired market equilibrium. Both locational marginal prices and the schedules for generation and consumption are determined through a negotiation process between the key market players. In addition to incorporating renewables, this mechanism accommodates both consumers with a shiftable Demand Response and an adjustable D...

| The introduction of a notion of independence in possibility theory is a problem of long-standing interest. The deenitions that have up to now been given in the literature face some diiculties as far as interpretation is concerned. Also, there are inconsistencies between the deenition of independence of measurable sets and possibilistic variables. After a discussion of these deenitions and the...

This paper expands on Gee’s (2004) notion of “affinity spaces” by placing them in the context of games, media stars, and their fans and combining cultural studies and new literacies approaches. The Guild, a web series about the misadventures of MMO-players, written by and starring actor, writer, producer, and gamer Felicia Day, is examined. On WatchTheGuild.com, fans of The Guild enact literacy...