Radiation-induced autophagy mediates susceptibility to radiation [1]. However, autophagy is a multifaceted process. Herein, 2 aspects of autophagy, induction of autophagy or changes in autophagic flux, in radiation sensitivity were investigated. Relying on a systems-based approach and adding to a large, data dense morphome database [2, 3], we mined for complex cellular information on autophagy ...

Autophagy, an intracellular degradation and energy recycling mechanism, is emerging as an important regulator of immune responses. However, the role of autophagy in regulating neutrophil functions is not known. We investigated neutrophil biology using myeloid-specific autophagy-deficient mice and found that autophagy deficiency reduced neutrophil degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Mice with au...

Our previous work found that DMH1 (4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) was a novel autophagy inhibitor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of DMH1 on chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy as well as the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in different cancer cells. We found that DMH1 inhibited tamoxifen- and cispcis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)-indu...

RAS is frequently mutated in human cancers and has opposing effects on autophagy and tumorigenesis. Identifying determinants of the cellular responses to RAS is therefore vital in cancer research. Here, we show that autophagic activity dictates the cellular response to oncogenic RAS. N-terminal Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) mediates RAS-induced senescence and inhibits autophagy...

The aim is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the PM2.5-induced autophagy in human lung cancer epithelial cells (A549). The effects of the PM2.5 on morphological and biochemical markers of autophagy in A549 were analyzed by electron microscopy, GFP-LC3 puncta was observed by confocal fluorescence microscope. The effects of phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR, AKT, ERK, JNK, and p53 on...

Melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancers and accounts for most skin-related deaths due to strong resistance to chemotherapy drugs. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of dabrafenib-induced drug resistance in human melanoma cell lines A375 and MEL624. Our studies support that both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy were induced in the melanoma cells after the t...

Aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common feature damaged retinal neurons in diabetic retinopathy, and antioxidants may exert both preventive therapeutic action. To evaluate the beneficial antioxidant properties food supplementation with Lisosan G, powder bran germ grain (Triticum aestivum) obtained by fermentation selected lactobacillus natural yeast strains, we used an ...

MicroRNAs are emerging post-transcriptional regulators of gene expressions in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In mycobacteria infection, autophagy plays an important role in innate defense mechanism and is tightly regulated by the autophagy-related proteins. Here, we show that Atg2B is involved in the regulation of mycobacteria-induced autophagy. MiR-1303, which function is not defi...

Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular process whereby cells break down long-lived proteins and organelles. Accumulating evidences suggest increasing physiological significance of autophagy in pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) exerts its influence on numerous cells and herein, we report a novel effect of LT-induced autophagy on mammalian cells. Several...