INTRODUCTION Pulmonary fibrosarcoma has been an extremely rare tumor in children. Wide surgical resection of infantile fibrosarcoma would be the treatment of choice. CASE PRESENTATION Post-operative chemotherapy has shown the benefit in the cases of residual disease after initial surgery and metastatic disease in the literature. We have presented the case of a 70-days old male child with prim...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infantile colic is a common problem within the first 3 months of life and causes considerable distress for parents and paediatricians. Despite 40 years of research, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood and treatment remains an open issue. This review will describe recent studies that have examined different kinds of interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Important advances in...

PURPOSE We examined whether congenital impairment of disparity vergence in infantile esotropia (ET) exists in children with short duration ET (≤3 months) compared with long-duration ET and healthy controls. A short duration of misalignment would allow for a substantial amount of balanced binocular input during the critical period of binocular disparity development. METHODS A total of 19 child...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of patients with infantile nystagmus have muscular and innervational adaptations that may have a role in the involuntary oscillations of the eyes. METHODS Specimens of EOMs from 10 patients with infantile nystagmus and postmortem specimens from 10 control subjects were prepared for histologic examination. The following varia...

Infantile Spasms is a rare disorder consisting of epileptic spasms that occur before the age of one year. This severe epilepsy affects about 0.31 in 1000 births with an average age at onset of 6 months. Treatment usually consists of hormonal therapies (adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticosteroids) or vigabatrin. Decisions about choice of therapy are complicated because these first-line treatm...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of infantile esotropia from a defined population in the United States over a 30-year period. Recent reports from the United Kingdom have suggested that strabismus or strabismus surgery is occurring less frequently today than in previous years. METHODS The medical records of all patients diagnosed with infantile esotropia within Olmsted County, Minnesota,...

PURPOSE PRRT2 mutations were recently identified in benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE) and infantile convulsions with paroxysmal choreoathetosis (ICCA) but no abnormalities have so far been identified in their phenotypically similar seizure disorder of benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG), while mutations in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 have been recognized in benign familial neonatal e...

PURPOSE Infantile nystagmus (IN) is an inherited disorder characterized by bilateral ocular oscillatory movements. Recently, mutations in FRMD7 were found to be responsible for X-linked idiopathic infantile nystagmus . We investigated the role of the FRMD7 gene mutations in seven Chinese families with infantile nystagmus. METHODS Linkage analysis was performed with fluorescently labeled micro...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the most significant advances in the field of infantile spasm during the past year, with emphasis on best practise for treatment, and on some new etiological genetic and metabolic causes for the spasms, and new advances in the knowledge of tuberous sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Up-to-date information comparing corticotrophin, oral steroids and vigabatrin sh...

AIMS Infantile spasms are usually resistant to conventional antiepileptic drugs. Although adrenocorticotropic hormones or vigabatrin are regarded as standard agents for the treatment of infantile spasms, there are still limitations of their use. We determined the efficacy and tolerability of high-dose zonisamide in patients with recent-onset infantile spasms. METHODS Seventeen patients with i...