Objective Articular cartilage as an avascular skeletal tissue possesses limited capacity to heal. On the other hand, it is believed that the regeneration capacity of each tissue is largely related to its stem cell contents. Little is known about the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue. This subject is investigated in the present study. Materials and Methods Artic...

To investigate the mechanisms of HIV-1 cytopathogenicity, functional biological HIV-1 clones were isolated from two infected children with high viral loads in vivo. Clone HC4 was isolated from a symptomatic child and clone GC6 8-4 was isolated from an asymptomatic child. These clones were characterized for their ability to induce syncytia, and to replicate and induce single-cell death in periph...

herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) causes a variety of diseases in human. this virus is a neurotropic pathogen of human that establishes latent infection in the sensory ganglia innervating the site of primary infection. a number of genes including icp34.5 control hsv-1 pathogenicity and icp34.5 has been identified as hsv-1 virulence gene. open reading frame p (orf p) is also a hsv-1 gene that ...

A characterization of the B14R gene from Vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve (WR) is presented. Computational analyses of the B14R gene indicated high conservation in orthopoxviruses but no orthologues outside the Poxviridae. To characterize the B14 protein, the B14R gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant protein was purified and used to generate a rabbit polyclonal ant...

We examined the effect of motion on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) growth in cell culture. Infected cultures were incubated stationary, rolling, or on an orbital shaker. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results for cultures infected with high concentrations of a laboratory strain of RSV were similar for all incubation conditions. However, cultures infected with low concentrations of virus and rolled...

Natural killer (NK) cells through their NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptors recognize NKG2D ligands such as UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs) on virus-infected cells and subsequently trigger the host innate immune response. In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced the cell surface expression of ULBP1 in human immortalized hepatocyte PH5CH8 cells and human hepatom...

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) strain HM-175 was passaged six times in marmosets, 59 times in cell culture and purified from infected cell culture supernatant fluid. The viral RNA was extracted, copied into cDNA and the cDNA:RNA hybrids were cloned into the PstI site of plasmid pBR322. The cDNA clones were authenticated by hybridization to RNA extracted from HAV-infected cells and clones representing ...

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in the cat is similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in causing a selective reduction in CD4+ cell numbers, leading to inversion of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. To determine whether FIV, similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has a tropism for CD4+ cells, we examined the in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of feline lymphocyte s...

Quail embryo chondrocytes in culture display two morphological phenotypes: polygonal epithelial-like and floating cells. Both cell populations synthesize cartilage extracellular matrix proteins (type II collagen and specific proteoglycans), whereas type X collagen, which appears to be a marker of later stages of chondrocyte differentiation, is expressed only by the epithelial-like cells. Avian ...