Bats are ancient and among the most diverse mammals in terms of species richness, diet and habitat preferences, characteristics that may contribute to a high diversity of infectious agents. During the past two decades, the interest in bats and theirmicroorganisms largely increased because of their role as reservoir hosts or carriers of important pathogens.Rapidadvances inmicrobial detectionandc...

Viruses are associated with at least 20% of human cancer which is likely to be an underestimation of the actual contribution of viruses to human cancers [1–8]. These estimates are rather conservative because techniques employed to determine the prevalence were not as accurate as provided by more sensitive technologies [3,9–16]. The proportion of cancers attributed to infectious agents is higher...

Considering the 'One Health' principles, the links between animal and human health are very strong. Both domestic and wild animals are sources of infectious agents that cause diseases in humans. Poor animal health may also indirectly affect human health, through reduced access to food. A large number of infectious diseases of animals, the transboundary animal diseases, spread rapidly across bor...

Despite advances in public health, medicine, and technology, infectious diseases remain a major source of illness and death worldwide. In the United States alone, unexplained deaths resulting from infectious disease agents have an estimated annual incidence of 0.5 per 100,000 persons aged 1-49 years. Emerging and newly recognized infections, such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and West Nile e...

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are at higher risk for infectious morbidity and mortality, partially due to the therapies used to treat these conditions. Both prednisone and targeted biologic therapies such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists have been implicated to various degrees, although in some cases firm data are lacking with regard to c...

and Atherogenesis To the Editor: Khairy et al1 reported a lack of association between chronic infection and endothelial function in healthy young men. The study population was highly selective and, excluded women, individuals aged 45 years, and subjects with any conventional risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors assumed that serum antibodies against the various infectious a...

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a multifactorial disease complex caused by opportunistic pathogens, classically those members of the genus Moraxella . However, IBK in some situations associated with other potentially pathogenic agents, which include Mycoplasma bovoculi , bovis Ureaplasma diversum herpesviruses, and Chlamydia sp. Ocular infections that may resemble are also Liste...

Powerful diagnostic technology, plus the realization that organisms of otherwise unimpressive virulence can produce slowly progressive chronic disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and disease outcomes, has resulted in the discovery of new infectious agents and new concepts of infectious diseases. The demonstration that final outcome of infection is as much determined by the g...

infections. Although we did not conduct a case–control study, these fi ndings also support the results of other studies that previously reported the demographic characteristics of patients with pandemic infl uenza infections and the risk factors for severe or fatal pandemic infl uenza infections (3,4), especially with respect to obesity (5). Evaluation of tissues collected during autopsy from p...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents. METHODS The population attributable fraction (PAF) and number of cancers caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Helicobacter pylori and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were calculated using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of infection in the Australian po...