Abstract Social discounting researchers have repeatedly shown that individuals discount sharing the amount of a monetary reward as function social distance, and increasing available decreases sharing. However, no previous study has tested whether nonmonetary commodities are discounted distance. The current personal information would be similarly to rewards, well magnitude effect occurred at rel...

this paper presents a hybrid technique for simultaneous estimation of parameter and function in inverse heat conduction problems. no prior information is used for the functional form of the heat flux in the present study. the scheme presented here is a combination of two different classical methods: the variable metric method (vmm) and gauss method (gm). the determination of the unknown thermal...