preparing thermal comfort conditions in outdoor public spaces is one of the considerations of architectural design. if the constructed area does not support comfortable conditions in outdoor spaces, it will cause microclimatic problems for pedestrians and adjacent buildings. regarding the different thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces in comparison with indoor, several indices have been...

desertification process as a great problem affects most of the countries in the world specially developing countries. this process has a high rate in arid and semi-arid countries such as iran. the main objective of this research was to investigate land degradation status and desertification mapping of kashan area. different studies have been carried out in the world in order to assess desertifi...

The main purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between four bioclimatic indices for cattle (environmental stress, heat load, modified heat load, and respiratory rate predictor indices) and three main milk components (fat, protein, and milk yield) considering uncertainty. The climate parameters used to calculate the climate indices were taken from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-...

Managing information stored in computers is an integral part of the society we live in. Efficient access to such data is usually supported through the use of index structures. Although indices can significantly reduce the cost of answering queries, they have two major drawbacks. First, they take additional space, which can more than double the size of the database. Second, their maintenance can...

Optimal risk sensitive feedback controllers are now available for very general stochastic nonlinear plants and performance indices. They consist of nonlinear static feedback of so called information states from an information state filter. In general, these filters are linear, but infinite dimensional, and the information state feedback gains are derived from (doubly ) infinite dimensional dyna...

Validating a given clustering result is a very challenging task in real world. So for this purpose, several cluster validity indices have been developed in the literature. Cluster validity indices are divided into two main categories: external and internal. External cluster validity indices rely on some supervised information available and internal validity indices utilize the intrinsic structu...

The position of the nodes within a network topology largely determines the level of their involvement in various networking functions. Yet numerous node centrality indices, proposed to quantify how central individual nodes are in this respect, yield very different views of their relative significance. Our first contribution in this paper is then an exhaustive survey and categorization of centra...

Routing in unstructured peer-to-peer system relies either on broadcasting (also called flooding) or on Routing Indices. An approach using Routing Indices is only scalable if the Routing Indices are of manageable size. In this paper, we present a strategy to prune Routing Indices based on the popularity of resources. The Routing Indices maintain routing information for queries to the most popula...

This review summarises most currently used indices to assess and monitor patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in clinical trials, long-term observational studies, and clinical care. Six SLE disease activity indices include the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Index (BILAG), European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM), Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM), Systemic Lu...