background: essential hypertension tends to a familial mode. its pattern of inheritance is heterogeneous, but the frequencies of different mode of inheritance vary in different populations. determining of the mode of inheritance in each family is the basic information that is needed for the risk estimation in those family members. determination of pattern of inheritance in families with at leas...

One of the key issues of object-oriented modeling is inheritance. It allows for the definition of subclasses that inherit features of some superclass. Inheritance is well defined for static properties of classes such as attributes and methods. However, there is no general agreement on the meaning of inheritance when considering dynamic behavior of objects. This paper studies inheritance of dyna...

Two inheritance complexity metrics, one at class level CCI (Class Complexity due to Inheritance) and another at program level ACT (Average Complexity of a program due to Inheritance), have been proposed for object-oriented software systems. These proposed metrics are evaluated with Weyuker's properties and compared with other well known objectoriented inheritance metrics. It has been found that...

There are, of course, many uses for inheritance. In general, they fall into two categories: expressing subtyping, and reusing implementation. In this paper we study one particular way of applying inheritance to the problem of reusing implementation: we us inheritance to mitigate the rows and columns dichotomy. We explain this problem, and then give, in pattern form, a detailed description of th...

Class-based inheritance is normally seen as a basic concept and a prerequisit of object-oriented programming. This position paper states that class-based inheritance is not essential for an object-oriented programming language. Instead of class-based inheritance aggregation, parametrical bindings, and aliasing can be used. Aggregation and parametrical bindings are basic concepts of an object mo...

This review describes new developments in the study of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, a component of epigenetics. We start by examining the basic concepts of the field and the mechanisms that underlie epigenetic inheritance. We present a comprehensive review of transgenerational cellular epigenetic inheritance among different taxa in the form of a table, and discuss the data containe...

Inheritance networks are not expressive enough to capture all intuitions behind inheritance. Hence, a number of signiicantly diierent semantics have been proposed. Here, a family of local theories of inheritance is presented that are conceptually simple and computationally tractable. A general model-theoretic framework for specifying direct semantics to networks and clarifying relationships amo...

Inheritance is the fundamental reuse mechanism in object-oriented programming languages; its most prominent variants are single inheritance, multiple inheritance, and mixin inheritance. In the first part of this paper, we identify and illustrate the conceptual and practical reusability problems that arise with these forms of inheritance. We then present a simple compositional model for structur...

Inheritance is one of the key concepts in object-oriented programming. However, the usefulness of inheritance in concurrent objectoriented programming is greatly reduced by the problem of inheritance anomaly. Inheritance anomaly is manifested by undesirable re-definitions of inherited code. The problem is aggravated by the lack of a formal analysis, with a multitude of differing proposals and c...

Mixin-based inheritance is an inheritance technique that has been shown to subsume a variety of different inheritance mechanisms. It is based directly upon an incremental modification model of inheritance. This paper addresses the question of how mixins can be seen as named attributes of classes the same way that objects, methods, and also classes in their own right, are seen as named attribute...