Ionoregulatory development and the effect of chronic silver exposure on growth, survival, and sublethal indicators of toxicity in early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abstract Rainbow trout embryos and larvae were continuously exposed, in a ¯ow-through system, to 0, 0.1 lg/l (measured=0.098‹0.002 lg/l) or 1.0 lg/l (measured=0.853‹0.022 lg/l) total silver (as AgNO 3) in moder...

BACKGROUND Studies on transmission of Enterococcus faecalis among chickens during hatch have not been carried out so far. Information about vertical transmission and subsequent spreading and colonization of the cloacal mucosa through cloacal 'drinking' during hatch are important to understand the epidemiology of E. faecalis infections. In the present investigation vertical transmission and subs...

In-vitro methods were developed to test fungi for production of metabolites affecting nematode egg hatch and mobility of second-stage juveniles. Separate assays were developed for two nematodes: root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). For egg hatch to be successfully assayed, eggs must first be surface-disinfested to avoid the confounding effe...

Extended biparental care is rare in insects but provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the interaction between the endocrine system and the physical and social environment in the regulation of this behavior. Burying beetles (Nicrophorus spp.) have facultative biparental care and depend on locating a small vertebrate carcass that they bury and prepare as food for their young. Commonly,...

For all species, finite metabolic resources must be allocated toward three competing systems: maintenance, reproduction, and growth. Telomeres, the nucleoprotein tips of chromosomes, which shorten with age in most species, are correlated with increased survival. Chick growth is energetically costly and is associated with telomere shortening in most species. To assess the change in telomeres in ...

The effects of five levels of dietary protein and energy on ostrich performance during hot season were evaluated in this study. Five males and 10 females of healthy mature ostriches (Struthio camelus) were randomly assigned equally into five nutritional groups A, B, C, D and E, each of 1 male and 2 females. Birds were fed (16% protein +2800 kcal) , (17% protein + 2900 kcal ) , (18% protein + 30...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-incubation in ovo injection with different levels L- carnitine (L-Car) on hatchability traits Bronze Turkey eggs, blood plasma constituents and subsequent growth performance hatched chicks. A total 300 hatching eggs were chosen (averaged 80.0 g) randomly divided into four main groups each three replicates (25 each). The 1st group was used as a ...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa stereolithography process limits wider applications due to low dimensional accuracy comparing with cnc. to improve accuracy and reduce part distortion, understanding the physics involved in the relationship between the setup input parameters and the part dimensional accuracy is prerequisite. in this paper, a model is proposed to find and optimize im...