The paper starts by highlighting a change of emphasis in the internationalisation literature from the nationality of ownership of the investor to the degree of multinationality of the company. This shift has implications for our understand ing of innovation activities and their diffusion. It is in this context that the research sets out to test the hypothesis that multinationality is a more rel...

The impact of size and competition on firm-level innovative activities has obtained considerable attention in developed countries, but the focus is still lacking in developing world. This paper is an attempt to contribute in this direction by including 14 Latin American countries, and by using Enterprise Survey data of the World Bank. We consider both input and output innovation to observe the ...

risk prediction plays an increasing role in financial risk management. this study aims to investigate existence of asymmetry and long memory volatility in tehran stock exchange index daily data over period of 1998-2006. 1467 daily index returns are used for volatility modeling via garch (long & short memory) processes for both normal and t-student innovations. the specification and forecasting ...

Leapfrogging innovation competition through the process of creative destruction encourages the innovation in product and process that lengthens and improves lives. Schumpeter’s process of creative destruction emphasizes dynamic innovation competition, as contrasted with the standard model of static price competition. The ‘big-is-better’ account of creative destruction claimed, in addition, that...

ecause a large number of tourists come to  Mashhad, this city has a high potential for the development of tourism-related activities. Therefore, it is necessary to equip resources for tourism activities and investment in this regard. Despite the highest tourism potential in Mashhad, there are great opportunities for the tourism industry, which has not been fully identified and has not been made...

This empirical article examines how the institutional development of home country and host countries in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) are embedded can drive MNEs’ research (R&D) intensity. In doing so, this study analyzes 967 firm-year observations 234 pharmaceutical firms from 30 developed less period 2010 to 2017. We find support for internationalization toward as a driver R&...

In this study we investigated the determinants of the propensity of Swiss firms to train apprentices. Innovation, firm age and competition conditions on the product market are determining factors that were especially emphasized in this investigation. We found that the skill composition of the employment, innovation activities, firm age, labour costs, capital intensity, and competitive pressures...

In this paper we study the welfare effect of a monopoly innovation. Unlike many partial equilibrium models carried out in previous studies, general equilibrium models with non-price-taking behavior are constructed and analyzed in greater detail. We discover that technical innovation carried out by a monopolist could significantly increase the social welfare. We conclude that, in general, the cr...

One or Many Knowledge Production Functions? Mapping Innovative Activity Using Microdata This paper discusses the determinants of three alternative measures of innovative output by looking at firm’s own formal R&D activities and at the acquisition of external technology (TA) in its embodied and disembodied components. These input-output relationships are also discussed by distinguishing between ...