in this article, a finite horizon, multi product and multi period economic order quantity like seasonal items is considered where demand rate is deterministic and known but variable in each period. the order quantities of items come in batch sizes and the end of the period order quantity and, consequently, demand of customers are zero. in addition, storage space is constrained and the problem ...

This paper studies a periodic-review, serial inventory system in which echelon r nQ T policies are implemented. Under such a policy, each stage reviews its inventory in every T period and orders according to an echelon r nQ policy. Two types of fixed costs are considered: one is associated with each order batch Q, and the other is incurred for each inventory review. The objective is to find the...

We use a formal model to examine the implications of endogenous managerial effort for the interpretation and estimation of efficiency in health care organisations. The model is applied to investigate the doubling of the cost of administering primary care in England in real terms between 1989/1990 and 1994/1995. The main cost determinant was the number of general practitioners (GPs), and there w...

The mechanism by which isoproterenol (ISO) prevents the prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and refractory period (RP) by the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 was studied. E-4031 (1 microM) increased RP by 50% with no effect on contractile force in papillary muscles isolated from guinea pig heart. ISO (1 microM) increased force of contraction more than fivefold and decreased RP...

The mechanism by which isoproterenol (ISO) prevents the prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and refractory period (RP) by the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 was studied. E-4031 (1 ,uM) increased RP by 501% with no effect on contractile force in papillary muscles isolated from guinea pig heart. ISO (1 ,uM) increased force of contraction more than fivefold and decreased RP by 2...

Meeting due dates is the most important goal of scheduling if the due date of each job has been promised to its customer. This paper considers the job-shop scheduling problem of minimizing the total holding cost of completed and in-process products subject to no tardy jobs. A heuristic algorithm based on the shifting bottleneck procedure is proposed for solving the minimum total holding cost pr...

We consider a multi-class queueing system with multiple homogeneous servers and customer abandonment. For each customer class i, the holding cost per unit time, the service rate and the abandonment rate are denoted by ci, μi and θi, respectively. We prove that under a many-server fluid scaling and overload conditions, a routing policy that assigns priority to classes according to their index ci...