High-altitude illness is the collective term for acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). The pathophysiology of these syndromes is not completely understood, although studies have substantially contributed to the current understanding of several areas. These areas include the role and potential mechanisms of brain swelling ...

the focus of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil of salvia hydrangea dc. ex benth. growing wild in kiasar-hezarjrib, iran. in addition, effects of altitude and some soil properties on the essential oil quality and quantity of s. hydrangea was identified. the samples collected from two altitudes (1100 and 2000 m) in blossoming period, were analyzed by h...

Studies have shown that in sheared E×B flows an inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma, the gradient drift (GDI) or Kelvin–Helmholtz (KHI) instability may grow. This work examines conditions cause one of these instabilities to dominate over other using a novel model study localized instabilities. The effect collisions with neutral particles plays important role development. It is found KHI dominant l...

Many sports incorporate training at altitude as a key component of their athlete training plan. Furthermore, many sports are required to compete at high altitude venues. Exercise at high altitude provides unique challenges to the athlete and to the sport medicine clinician working with these athletes. These challenges include altitude illness, alterations in training intensity and performance, ...

Abstract. Large-scale ( 1 km) waves in the daytime and nighttime equatorial electrojet are studied using coherent scatter radar data from Jicamarca. Images of plasma irregularities within the main beam of the radar are formed using interferometry with multiple baselines. These images are analyzed according to nonlocal gradient drift instability theory and are also compared to nonlinear computer...

[1] We investigate the ionospheric conditions required to explain Mars Express Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding topside radar sounder observations of ionospheric attenuation in excess of 13 dB at 5 MHz during solar energetic particle events. We develop theoretical expressions for the attenuation caused by a layer of ionospheric plasma in cases of high, intermediate, an...

Introduction: Extreme-altitudes (5500 m/18045 ft and higher) pose environmental, psychophysiological, infrastructural, logistic, and ergonomic challenges that question explorer’s adaptability and mission-efficiency due to isolation, monotony, intimidating environment and terse health conditions. The assessment of an explorer’s comprehensive adaptability in extreme-altitudes is ...