Non-occlusion of the internal mammary artery side branches may cause ischemia due to flow diversion after coronary artery bypass grafting. The authors present the case of a 67-year-old man with recurrent angina after undergoing myocardial revascularization with a left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending bypass. He presented with impaired anterior wall myocardial perfusion in the...

In breast cancer radiotherapy, the internal mammary lymphatic chain is treated in the target volume in a group of patients with high risk criteria. There are a number of different techniques in breast radiotherapy because of the variability of the anatomic region, structures and risk criteria in the irradiation field. When irradiating the target volume we also consider homogeneity of dose distr...

From the Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registry, all patients undergoing initial bypass surgery procedures with independent vein grafts were identified. The 950 patients receiving an internal mammary artery bypass graft were compared with the 6027 patients receiving vein graft alone. Improved survival rates with internal mammary artery grafts were noted at hospitals in which these grafts were p...

SUMMARY As nipple-sparing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction has increased, attention must be paid to the viability of the nipple-areolar complex. This article describes the use of preoperative Doppler ultrasound to identify the internal mammary artery perforators. Preserving the internal mammary artery improves vascular supply to the nipple-areolar complex.

A 55-year-old male without previous medical history developed chest pain. Coronary catheterization showed left main coronary dissection. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed using bilateral internal mammary arteries, which were very fragile. The specimens of the internal mammary arteries sent for pathology showed cystic medial necrosis.

The internal mammary artery is the conduit of choice for cardiac revascularization. Atherosclerotic disease of the coronary arteries may simultaneously involve the subclavian artery. Proximal stenosis in the left subclavian artery may result in recurrent myocardial ischemia in patients with a patent left internal mammary artery (LIMA), due to coronary steal syndrome through the LIMA.

Coronary subclavian steal syndrome refers to decreased or reversed internal mammary artery flow, which causes angina related to severe subclavian steno-occlusive disease in patients with in situ internal mammary-to-coronary artery graft. We present a 48-year-old man with cerebrovascular and peripheral artery disease and the first case in the literature of a saphenous vein graft-coronary-subclav...