In recent years, the European Union has gained access to several international organizations (IOs). This is a noteworthy and novel development, as IOs not only formalize but also deepen their interactions with EU by granting it formal rights participate in policymaking processes. Building on literature EU’s role global governance opening-up of IOs, this paper investigates conditions under which...

1. Background and State of the World 1.1 Pre-Second World War until 1972 1.1.1 Air and Water Pollution 1.1.2 Natural Resource and Wildlife Protection 1.1.3 International Governmental Organization Responses 1.2 1972–1992, The Second Generation of Environmental Issues 1.2.1 The Stockholm Conference 1.2.2 Post Stockholm Developments 1.2.3 The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1.3 1992–2000 Post-Rio D...