We investigate silicon oxynitride (SiON) waveguides for long optical delay lines on a silicon chip. With the choice of a moderately low refractive index contrast, a balance can be achieved between compact waveguide cross-section and low loss. The material composition and refractive index are characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and ellipsometry. High-temperature annealing is ...

different construction materials with different roughness used to make circular weirs highly affect surface roughness and, in turn, flow hydraulics passing over these structures.  in the present research, numerous experiments under different hydraulic conditions were performed on a physical model to study the effects of roughness on flow hydraulics over a circular weir. the flow hydraulics incl...

Measuring the value of road performance requires an emphasis on optimal demand. In Indonesia, pavement assessment is sole basis for evaluating value. However, not solely determined by performance, as shoulder and drainage systems also influences it. This study aims to create a evaluation model that quantitative in nature, taking into account both frequency size damages shoulders systems. To con...

BACKGROUND Low viscosity resin infiltration of initial caries lesions is a modern microinvasive method to treat initial cries lesions. However, only scarce information is available about the long-term surface alterations of infiltrated lesions. METHODS Twenty-eight premolar teeth exhibiting non-cavitated initial caries lesions (International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS code ...

This paper describes a simple and reliable method of improving the surface insulation strength of a spacer used in vacuum. The method is to roughen the spacer surface to an average roughness R higher than 1 or 2 m. The material of the spacer a examined is SiO , PMMA, PTFE or Al O and their shape is a right cylinder with 2 2 3 10 mm in height and 54 mm in diameter. The spacer is subjected to a r...

In this paper we apply a real analysis approach to test continuous time stochastic models of financial mathematics. Specifically, fractal dimension estimation methods are applied to statistical analysis of continuous time stochastic processes. To estimate a roughness of a sample function we modify a box-counting method typically used in estimating fractal dimension of a graph of a function. Her...