The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) sound harmless – watery rhinorrhoea, sneezing, itching of the mucosal lining, nasal obstruction along with watery, red and swollen eyes, but for many affected people these symptoms are not only irritating but debilitating and restrictive to their day-today activities such as sleep, work productivity, school performance, and leisure activities, particu...

Efficient vaccine delivery to mucosal tissues including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues is essential for the development of mucosal vaccine. We previously reported that claudin-4 was highly expressed on the epithelium of nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and thus claudin-4-targeting using C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) effectively delivered fus...

The human nose has the potential to be an alternative route for the systemic delivery of a wide range of therapeutic agents. The richly supplied vascular nature of the nasal mucosa and its high drug permeation makes it a potential route for the administration of many drugs including proteins, peptides and vaccines. Nasal route is most suitable for those drugs which cannot be administered orally...

Stal and Hollier [5] described the nasal support structure as a tripod with lateral displacement in the unilateral cleft lip and loss of tip definition. The cleft side tip defining point is inferiorly displaced with a wide intra alar distance. Early repair with an intra dermal suspension suture with limited alar dissection is advised through an infra cartilagenous incision. The repair has the a...

In recent years growing attention has been paid to the nasal drug administration as an alternative route of administration for systemically active drugs such as proteins, peptides, hormones, and other drugs which are poorly absorbed orally and extensively metabolized in liver. Nasal route is easily accessible, convenient and reliable route with a porous endothelial membrane and a highly vascula...

BACKGROUND Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) has been used with heated and humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), nasal CPAP and several forms of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This study was designed to evaluate the delivered dose of INO, level of NO2 generation, and effect of net gas delivery (addition of INO to the ventilator circuit--gas removed for sampling) on lung pressure at different NO d...