Posttranslational modification of proteins is the foundation of intracellular signaling. Without the ability to reversibly modify proteins and lipids, cells would be unable to react to signals received from their environment. Posttranslational modification of proteins usually, but not always, occurs after a protein has arrived at the appropriate subcellular location. In certain instances, howev...

The fatty acid compositions of the intracellular organelles of rat liver, separated by differential centrifuging, and the composition of the rat-liver lipids, have been described by Getz & Bartley (1961) and Getz, Bartley, Stirpe, Notton & Renshaw (1961). This paper describes the lipid composition of the mitochondria, fluffy layer and microsomes isolated from rat liver. A similar study has rece...

In response to environmental stresses, or during development, plant cells will produce lipids that will act as intracellular mediators (Janda et al., 2013; Ruelland et al., 2015). Glycerophospholipid and/or sphingolipid second messengers resulting from the action of lipid metabolizing enzymes (e.g., lipid-kinases or lipases) are commonly found within cells. The articles published within this Re...

Cells signal through lipids produced by phospholipid and phosphoinositide metabolism that involves three enzymic processes: (i) ester and phosphodiester hydrolysis by phospholipases; (ii) monophosphate hydrolysis by phosphatases; and (iii) phosphorylation of hydroxy groups by kinases. Unregulated enzyme activity correlates with specific pathologies, which are specific targets for therapeutic in...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest known family of cell-surface receptors. These seven pass transmembrane receptors transduce extracellular signals to intracellular G proteins. GPCRs respond to diverse ligands including ions, lipids, amino acids, peptides, and odorants and therefore are involved in various biological processes from neurotransmission to the regulation of blood p...

lipid oxidation was studied in m. longissimusdorsiand m. semimembranosusin male lambs of northeastern bulgarian fine wool breed and cross of this breed with ile de france, reared indoors and on pasture. the oxidation of the lipids was determined by quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars), formed during the storage of the muscles at 4 ˚с until 6th dayand -20 ˚с until 90...

Botryococcus is a microalgal genus known for its ability to generate and accumulate substantial amounts of lipids via carbohydrate metabolism. This work determined the metabolic pathways enzymes involved in metabolism leading increased synthesis fat sp. Relevant intracellular extracellular metabolites were extracted quantified using chromatographic analysis. Enzymes lipid formation under natura...

Olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is generated during olive oil production, has detrimental effects on the environment due to its high organic load and phenolic compounds content. OMW difficult biodegrade, but represents a valuable resource of nutrients for microbial growth. In this study, yeast strains were screened their growth usually found in responsible antimicrobial effects. Candida trop...