This study was a qualitative exploration of the effect of multiple-choice glosses and periodic second language (L2) text reconstruction on lexical acquisition. L2 readers of German engaged in a think-aloud procedure while reading a short text and retelling its content in German after each of four short sections. In each section, four unfamiliar target words (TWs) were embedded. Half of the part...

The geniculate ganglion, which provides innervation to taste buds in the anterior tongue and palate, is unique among sensory ganglia in that its neurons depend on both neurotrophin-4 (NT4) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for survival. Whereas BDNF is additionally implicated in taste axon guidance at targeting stages, much less is known about the guidance role of NT4 during targetin...

UV-curable coatings possess numerous advantages, including high production rate, low environmental impact, and customizability, making them highly appealing for a wide range of applications. However, one the greatest challenges in coating is achieving an optimal low-gloss surface by adding matting agents to formulation. Therefore, it essential find suitable agent type efficient roughness creati...

Starch is one of the cheapest raw materials which can be used in edible film formation. Due to the fact that it is a natural constituent, its incorporation as a food coating does not involve any health risks, although as a barrier material it has the disadvantage of having poor water vapour barrier properties. This could be improved if different non-polar components are included in the starch m...

A fundamental problem in image analysis is to understand the nature of the computations and mechanisms that provide information about the material properties of surfaces. Information about a surface's 3D shape, optics, illumination field, and atmospheric conditions are conflated in the image, which must somehow be disentangled to derive the properties of surfaces. It was recently suggested that...