Three methods for dispensing nutritional solutions are compared in 48 patients with gastrointestinal diseases on intravenous nutrition during 3582 days. The protocol for intravenous nutrition applied by the nursing team and the solutions used were the same in the three groups. In group A standard bottles were used, while in group B, 31PVC-disposable bags were used--with fat emulsion included (g...

Conventional double emulsions, which are emulsions with smaller droplets of a third fluid within the larger drops, are generally stabilized by surfactants. Seifriz et al. first presented the double emulsions in 1925, but detailed studies on multiple emulsions were reported only in the last two decades. It is well known that the main drawbacks associated with traditional emulsions lie in low sta...

C ONSIDERABLE experience has been gained with the clinical use of fat emulsions for parenteral alimentation. Recently, a safe utilizable emusion for short term use has become available, and as more experience has gained, it has become possible to study the physiologic changes taking place in the removal of fat from the circulation. Initial observations by Mueller’2 have shown that there was gre...

Multiple emulsions are also known as emulsions of emulsions, liquid membrane system or double emulsion. These have been proposed to have numerous uses including their use for enhancement of bioavailability or as a prolonged drug delivery system. Multiple emulsions are often stabilized using a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants. The ratio of these surfactants is important in ...

The effect of oil concentration (from 5 to 47%) and type cellulose ether on the rheological properties (flow linear viscoelasticity), microstructure digestion in o/w emulsions were investigated study. Three types ethers used: a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) two methylcelluloses (MC) with different degrees methoxyl content. All showed shear thinning behaviour. increase emulsion's viscosit...

Relatively few studies on the physiological effects of fat administration have been published. In the present study, whole body and splanchnic oxygen consumption, blood flow, blood temperature, glucose and insulin economy, and arterial and hepatic venous concentrations of hemoglobin, free fatty acids (FFA), and glycerol were measured by indirect calorimetry and catheterization technique in seve...

Chylomicrons transport fat and cholesterol via lymphatic vessels from the intestine into the bloodstream. The understanding of the metabolism of chylomicrons in man has been slowed by the difficulty of obtaining lymph chylomicrons for experimental studies. Acceptable methods for the study of chylomicron clearance in man are required, because the metabolism of chylomicrons may be abnormal in dis...

It has been claimed that lipid emulsions with a restricted linoleic acid content can improve the safety of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The tolerability of TPN and its effects on the metabolism of fatty acids were assessed in this prospective, double-blind, randomised study comparing an olive/soyabean oil long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) with a medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT)/LCT; 50:50...

Record Status This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn. Health technology The authors assessed parenteral nutrition (PN) in surgical patients. Three s...