Previous work has demonstrated a distinction between maintenance of two types of spatial information in working memory (WM): spatial locations and spatial relations. While a body of work has investigated the neural mechanisms of sensory-based information like spatial locations, little is known about how spatial relations are maintained in WM. In two experiments, we used fMRI to investigate the ...

Working memory is often defined in cognitive psychology as a system devoted to the simultaneous processing and maintenance of information. In line with the time-based resource-sharing model of working memory (TBRS; Barrouillet and Camos, 2015; Barrouillet et al., 2004), there is accumulating evidence that, when memory items have to be maintained while performing a concurrent activity, memory pe...

Environmental problems such as eutrophication caused by excessive nutrient discharge are global challenges. There are complex pollution sources of nitrogen (N) discharge in many river basins worldwide. Knowledge of its pollution sources and their respective load contributions is essential to developing effective N pollution control strategies. N loads from all known anthropogenic pollution sour...

Correct use of an adrenalin auto-injector (AAI) is vital in an emergency situation where a person has gone into anaphylactic shock. Studies have shown that nearly half of untrained participants are unable to correctly use an AAI training device after instruction. Emerade is an AAI with a different design for use, with pictures providing instructions. This study aimed to assess intuitiveness and...

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) is a vasculitis of the small blood vessels with clinical presentation of a multi-organ involvement syndrome at variable expression in derma, intestine, articulations and kidney. Firstly identified by Heberden, Schoenlein described the purpuric and articular manifestations and Henoch the gastrointestinal and renal features. The combination of various systemic and ...

Over the last two decades, important advances have been made in explaining some pathophysiological aspects of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with repercussions for the successful clinical management of the syndrome. Despite these gains, our knowledge for the natural history of clinical progression from the pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction (PDD) until the final clinical...

There is no doubt that ionising radiation damages DNA and that certain organs in the body are more vulnerable than others to the effects of radiation. However, the reasons for the different sensitivities vary and there are now known to be many late expressed effects of exposure that cannot simply be explained on the basis of direct DNA damage. Examples include transmissible genomic instability,...

the present research was conducted with the aim of exposition of the relationship between organizational climate and job involvement among teachers of high schools in delijan city of iran in year (2012-2013). the research was applied, descriptive and correlational.statistical population included184 teachers in the first semester of educational year (2012- 2013), of which 125 teachers were selec...

background: in an attempt to reduce the risk of developing lymphedema following breast cancer surgery, some researchers suggested that by identifying and preserving the lymphatic plexus which drains ipsilateral arm we can minimize the risk of lymphedema. the procedure is known as axillary reverse mapping (arm). in the current study, we investigated the oncological safety of this technique. meth...

background: in recent years, the success in management of thalassemic patients, has allowed for some previously unrecognized complications including renal abnormalities to emerge. this prospective study aimed to investigate kidney iron overload by means of mri t2* and also renal function based on laboratory tests for early markers of glomerular and tubular dysfunction among adult iranian transf...