Background: Goiter is thyroid enlargement, which is the most common visible symptom of iodine deficiency. Some studies have shown iodine deficiency in water, soil, and food in many places worldwide. We aimed to determine the prevalence of goiter and the association between urine iodine levels in children with severity and prevalence of goiter in mountainous villages of Kashan city (center of Ir...

Iodine deficiency is generally recognized as the most commonly preventable cause of mental retardation and the most common cause of endocrinopathy (goiter and primary hypothyroidism). Iodine deficiency becomes particularly critical in pregnancy due to the consequences for neurological damage during fetal development as well as during lactation. The safety of therapeutic doses of iodine above th...

BACKGROUND Iodine is essential element in thyroid hormones synthesis and normal growth and development of the brain. Milk and iodine concentrations can be appropriate indicator of body iodine status; in this study, we evaluated the concentrations of urine and milk iodine in newborns and their mothers. METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013, urine and milk iodine in 106 neonates ...

It is known that iodine deficiency during pregnancy can interfere with normal fetal growth and development. However, iodine levels of pregnant women in Shanghai, China, and factors that could influence its levels remain unclear. A total of 916 pregnant women were selected from the Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Minhang District in Shanghai. Morning urinary iodine (UI) and iodine cont...

Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones which are crucial for brain development. Adequate intake of iodine in pregnancy is important as in utero deficiency may have lifelong consequences for the offspring. Data on the iodine status of UK pregnant women are sparse, and there are no such data for pregnant women in the South East of the UK. A total of 100 pregnant women were recruited to...

Iodine deficiency, by depriving the thyroid gland of sufficient raw material to produce thyroid hormones can, in its milder forms, impair cognition in children reducing IQ by up to 10-15 points. 1,2 While the consequences of severe iodine deficiency (population median urinary iodine excretion (UI) < 20 ug/L) can be extreme, including irreversible mental retardation, those arising from more mode...