Status of This Memo This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract Mobile IPv4 describes how a Mobile Node can perform IPv4-layer handoffs between subnets served by different Foreign Agents. In certain cases, the...

Mobile IP proposed by IETF supports continuous services for a mobile node (MN) based on its capability to roam around foreign domains [1]. Recently the rapid growth of wireless technology and its use in coordination with the Internet require a very careful look at issues regarding the security. As a large portion of 785-million world Internet users access such technologies in the context of pro...

We propose and analyse a proxy-based regional registration scheme for integrated mobility and service management with the goal to minimize the network signaling and packet delivery cost in Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) systems. Under the proposed proxy-based regional registration scheme, a client-side proxy is created on a per-user basis to serve as a gateway between a mobile node (MN) and all...

This paper proposes a fast tree join scheme to provide seamless multicast handover in the mobile networks based on the Fast Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6). In the existing FMIPv6-based multicast handover scheme, the bi-directional tunnelling or the remote subscription is employed with the packet forwarding from the previous access router (AR) to the new AR. In general, the remote subscription approach is...

Mobility in wireless networks causes a major issue from the IP-addressing perspective. When a Mobile Node (MN) moves to another subnet, it will probably get assigned a new IP address. This causes a routing problem since the MN will not be reachable with its previous IP address known to the other communication party. Real time applications might suffer from connection drops, which is recognized ...

OnFebruary 27, 2011, Hollywood’s royalty will gather in Kodak Theater to honor the best films of 2010. To add a scientific twist on this year’s Academy Awards, Cell Culture dives beneath the skin of the top films’ protagonists, identifying a brain structure that impacts our ‘‘friend count,’’ genes that make a king stammer, a cellular fragmentation process that saves a solo hiker, and stem cells...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract A mobile node needs at least the following information: a home address, a home agent address, and a security association with home agent to register with the home agent. The process of obtaining this information is ...

Loose coupling and tight coupling are two main interworking architectures have been proposed by European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) for integrating between the different types of technologies (3GPP, non-3GPP) such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunicati...