The significant increase in life expectancy and the process of population ageing are aspects that generate important social and economic changes and influence the health and research policies throughout the world. The ageing phenomenon represents a natural, slow and irreversible process, which affects all body tissues, being determined by a multitude of factors that contribute in different prop...

Aging can be loosely defined as the accumulation of changes within an organism over time. Aging is a complex, poorly understood, and multi-factorial process. It is generally regarded as progressive, irreversible, deleterious, and endogenous in nature [1]. Over 300 scientific theories seeking to explain the specifics of the process of aging have been posited. Yet, despite the vast amount of rese...

This paper lays the foundation for the rigorous treatment of the energetics of gas exsolution from a gas-containing liquid, which powers gas-driven volcanic and limnic eruptions. Various exsolution processes (reversible or irreversible, slow or rapid) are discussed, and the maximum amount of kinetic energy derivable from a reversible gas exsolution process is obtained. The concept of dynamic ir...

Aging and the physiologic decline of tissues and cells were once thought to be irreversible. However, recent studies suggest that various tissues, especially parts of the hematopoietic system, can be rejuvenated. Here we review potential mechanisms for this process and how they may be used to reverse age-related disorders and aging in general. We propose the novel hypothesis that altering the h...

On the standard microscopic model of friction we confirm the common belief that the irreversible entropy production originates from the increase of Shannon information. We reveal that the reversible microscopic dynamics would continuously violate the Gibbsian interchangeability of molecules. The spontaneous restoration of interchangeability constitutes the mechanism of irreversibility. This is ...

A characterisation of the quantum stochastic bounded generators of irreversible quantum state evolutions is given. This suggests the general form of quantum stochastic evolution equation with respect to the Poisson (jumps), Wiener (diffusion) or general Quantum Noise. The corresponding irreversible Heisenberg evolution in terms of stochastic completely positive (CP) cocycles is also characteriz...

We introduce unique class of cyclic quantum thermal machines (QTMs) which can maximize their performance at the finite value cycle duration $\tau$ where they are most irreversible. These QTMs based on single-stroke thermodynamic cycles realized by non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) so-called Periodically Refreshed Baths (PReB) process. find that such interpolate between standard collisional QT...

As is stressed in literature [1], [2], the entropy change, ∆S, during a given irreversible process is determined through the substitution of the actual process by a reversible one which carries the system between the same equilibrium states. This can be done since entropy is a state function. However this may suggest to the students the idea that this procedure is mandatory. We try to demystify...