This document provides the foundations behind the functionality provided by the ρG library 1 , focusing on the basic operations the library provides: subsumption, refinement of directed labeled graphs, and distance/similarity assessment between directed labeled graphs.

All-optical multistage interconnection networks are desirable for overcoming the limitations of optical signal regeneration in switching systems. We present a new implementation of the perfect-shuffle interconnection pattern that is coupled with an all-optical switching element, forming a complete stage of a multistage network. Switching is performed with birefringent calcite crystals and a fer...

class AbstractList { //@ model public int size; //@ in isEmpty; //@ model public boolean isEmpty; //@ public represents isEmpty <(size == 0); //@ public invariant size >= 0; //@ assignable isEmpty; //@ ensures isEmpty; abstract public void clear(); //@ assignable size; // but isEmpty is not assignable //@ ensures size <= \old(size); //@ ensures \old(size) > 0 ==> size > 0; abstract public void ...

The choice of suitable robots in manufacturing, to improve product quality and to increase productivity, is a complicated decision due to the increase in robot manufacturers and configurations. In this article, a novel approach is proposed to choose among alternatives, differently assessed by decision makers on different criteria, to make the final evaluation for decision-making. The approach i...

I describe the entry process in a spatial market over an in...nite time horizon. I show that, as long as the strategy space at the location stage is unbounded, the results derived from the single-period Stackelberg model of entry coincide with those obtained in the in...nite horizon model. On the contrary, if the strategy space is bounded, then the later the follower enters, the closer to the c...

conclusions for laterally localized and protruded duodenal diverticula, laparoscopic resection is a feasible and safe method. the role of laparoscopy in surgical treatment of complicated diverticula, located in other parts of the duodenum, is unclear because of lack of experience. case presentation in this article, we present a case report of a large duodenal diverticulum, treated with laparosc...

(1) For all sets X1, X2 and for all sets a1, a2 holds [:X1 7−→ a1, X2 7−→ a2 :] = [:X1, X2 :] 7−→ 〈a1, a2〉. Let I be a set. One can check that 0I is function yielding. Next we state two propositions: (2) For all functions f , g holds x(g · f ) = g ·x f . (3) For all functions f , g, h holds x( f · [:g, h :]) = x f · [:h, g :]. Let f be a function yielding function. Observe that x f is function ...