In statistical machine translation, data sparsity is a challenging problem especially for languages with rich morphology and inconsistent orthography, such as Persian. We show that orthographic preprocessing and morphological segmentation of Persian verbs in particular improves the translation quality of Persian-English by 1.9 BLEU points on a blind test set.

At least from the nineteenth century onward, certain observers have viewed Islam as a religion that discourages entrepreneurship by fostering fatalism, conform-ism, and conservatism. 1 Leading Muslim reformers of the nineteenth century, including Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1839–97), believed that this view confuses a perverted form of Islam, which counsels passive resignation to events, with auth...

This article starts with a critical review of the current literature on the Islamic radicalization and Uighur insurgency in Xinjiang, pointing out that existing literature focuses too narrowly on certain aspects of the Uighur insurgency, and is insufficient to explain the causal mechanism of the insurgency and Islamic radicalization. Built upon historical evidence, this article uses sociologica...

This paper highlights the contemporary issues related to credit risk in Islamic banking and Takaful (insurance). These two areas of the Islamic finance are facing several challenges that need to be highlighted. Both are witnessing a global and regional increase in demand and have bright future. In order to secure proper growth, it is essential to adopt proper strategies regarding credit risk ma...

This book investigates the central role of reason in Islamic intellectual life. Despite widespread characterization of Islam as a system of belief based only on revelation, JohnWalbridge argues that rational methods, not fundamentalism, have characterized Islamic law, philosophy, theology, and education since the medieval period. His research demonstrates that this medieval Islamic rational tra...

Shiraz (Islamic Republic of Iran): Islamic World Science Citation Center in Shiraz in collaboration with ISESCO hosted the First International meeting of Research Journal Editors at ISC campus on October 23-24th 2012. It was attended by a select gathering of Research Journal Editors in different subjects from many Islamic countries including Malaysia, Iraq, Egypt, Pakistan, and Bangladesh besid...

This study examines the value analysis in Islamic and conventional banking services in Pakistan. Many scholars have focused on co-creation of values in services but mainly economic values not non-economic. As Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles that are more concerned with non-economic values (well-being, partnership, fairness, trust worthy, and justice) than economic values as money...

Islamic banking is one the most blossoming doctrine in economic system of the world. The Fast growing awareness about Islamic financial system has brought strong feeling to Muslims to confront the western interest-based economic cycle. The Islamic economic system is emerging as a reliable alternative to the interest based system. This study is proposed to ascertain the motivational factors enco...

in this paper taqi modarresi’s life and his works are discussed briefly. he is one of the early persian writers in diaspora who left iran decades before the islamic revolution.  his novels have been published both in english and persian. azra-ye khalvatneshin [the virgin of solitude], which was published posthumously in an english translation in 2008 and in the original persian in 2010, both in...