Banking sector openness may directly increase growth by improving the quality of financial services and increasing funds available, or indirectly by improving the efficiency of financial intermediaries, both of which may reduce the cost of financing, in turn, increase capital accumulation and economic growth. The objective of the paper is to empirically reinvestigate these direct and indirect l...

This paper investigates whether exporting generates positive productivity spillover effects on other plants operating in the same industry and whether exporting affects productivity of plants in vertically related industries. Using plant-level data from Chile we find that exporters improve productivity of their local suppliers but not of plants that purchase intermediate inputs from them. We al...

Informal discussions on international trade attribute much importance to organizational differences. Nevertheless, economic theories of international trade have not been extended to incorporate this important element. This paper integrates theories of internal organization with a model of international trade by adding another dimension — how decisions regarding which ideas or projects to accept...

The title needs clarification because it suggests a broad theme concerning the relative ability of contending groups to obtain tariffs or quotas or other special devices serving to raise that industry or firm’s domestic prices above their levels if trade were free. This note is intended to focus more narrowly on a particular model scenario, that of the specific factors type, in which two firms ...

The neoclassical justification of the economic role state rests on concepts such as model economy in equilibrium, perfect competition, market failures, social efficiency and cost-benefit analysis, monopolies, ex-ternalities, theory public goods existence free riders. All this doctrine, which is used by economists to justify interventionism, can be critici-sed from theoretical methodological ten...

Abstract. Since 2021, Russia has maintained a list of unfriendly countries. This and the import ban introduced in 2014 are some main economic sanctions uses to influence trading partners. paper attempts quantify effect putting partner on countries compared Russian ban. The study data trade flows between its partners from UN COMTRADE database for select agri-food products. Employing gravity fram...

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) displays megakaryopoietic activity. We constructed super-cytokine Hyper- IL11 (H11) by linking soluble IL-11 receptor α (sIL-11Rα) with IL-11, which directly targets β-receptor (gp130) signal transducing subunit. The effects of H11 on hematopoiesis with a focus on megakaryopoiesis were studied. The expansion, differentiation and type of colony formation of cord blood prog...

What explains the central role of dollar in world trade? Will US currency retain its dominant status future? This paper develops a quantitative general equilibrium framework with endogenous choice that can address these questions. Complementarities price setting and input-output linkages across firms generate complementarities making exporters coordinate on same invoicing. The is more likely to...

ABSTRACT Between 1995 and 2021, the United States’ Federal Government imposed $162.5 billion in penalties upon government contractors who had engaged improper behavior as part of procurement process. Despite enormity contractor misbehavior, characteristics associated with misconduct are relatively underexplored academic literature. In this study, we examine whether to what extent firm predict f...