Components of the JET Mk-II Gas Box divertor have been analysed ex-situ after 18 months of operation with that divertor structure. The aim was to give an account on the distribution of the retained fuel along the poloidal crosssection of the divertor and, in particular, in the septum. Inside the gas box thick hydrogenated deposits were formed only on surfaces located in the near-plasma region f...

A comprehensive collection of technical aviation fuels enabled an experimental and numerical study on detailed combustion chemistry pollutant formation presented in a series 3 interlinking parts. Part-I: Experimental Flow Reactor Study focuses the characterization 42 jet provides speciation data for model development Part-II: Model Surrogate Strategy. validation based here is Part-III: Applicat...

We derive a nonlinear fuel optimal attitude control system (ACS) that drives the final state to the desired state according to a cost function that weights the final state angular error relative to the angular rate error. Control is achieved by allowing the pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) commands to begin and end anywhere within a control cycle, achieving a pulse width pulse time (PWPT) control. We...

BACKGROUND Infrastructure compatible hydrocarbon biofuel proposed to qualify as renewable transportation fuel under the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) is evaluated. The process uses a hybrid poplar feedstock, which undergoes dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugars are fermented to acetic acid, which undergoes conversion to ...

Bio-jet fuel has already been used in commercial flights to decarbonize the aviation transportation sector. However, widespread use of bio-jet is still a challenge partly due high production costs. In particular, from lipids requires temperatures and includes multiple reaction units, i.e., hydrodeoxygenation hydrocracking, increasing operation The integration these processes one pot was attempt...

Accidental release scenarios such as flammable gas leaks or ruptures of pipes and pressurised process-equipment normally originate high velocity jets which, if ignited, give rise to jet fires. Although the direct effects of jet fires are considered to be relatively smaller than that associated to other types of fires, they are characterized by high heat fluxes and, especially if there is flame ...

For industrial applications, we propose a concept of clean and efficient combustion through burning syngas on an impinging burner. We performed experimental measurements of particle image velocimetry, OH radical (OH*) chemiluminescence, flame temperature, and CO emission to examine the fuel mixing and reaction of premixed impinging flames of CH4/syngas/air with H2/CO in varied proportions. The ...