Using original French panel data, this paper investigates the relevance of the broken windows theory in case of an offence category featured by the absence of monetary benefits. Estimates from random and fixed effects models highlight the deterrent effect of sanctions for rapes and minor sexual offences. The enforcement activity of rapes is the most deterrent factor both for rapes and other sex...

Numerous economic historians have suggested that institutions which supported contract enforcement were necessary for impersonal exchange to emerge in medieval Europe. Yet this literature cannot account for the bill of exchange, an important financial instrument that was legally enforced in both the medieval Islamic and Christian worlds but remained relegated to personal networks in only the fo...

SAPIRSTEIN, LEO. A. Regional blood Jaw by fractional distribution of indicators. Am. J. Physiol. 193(1): 161-168. 1958.---K~~ Cl, Rb86C1 and iodoantipyrine (P31) were given in single intravenous injections to rats. The isotope content of the organs and the arterial blood concentrations were studied as a function of time. KWl and RbVl reached a stable level in all organs other than the brain in ...

We test whether immigrants are more prone to support terror than natives because of lower opportunity costs, using the international World Values Survey data. We show that, in general, economically, politically and socially non-integrated persons are more likely to accept using violence for achieving political goals, consistent with the economic model of crime. We also find evidence for the des...

I develop a model with endogenous gun ownership and study the interaction between the demands for guns by heterogeneous potential offenders and victims. I show that the interaction depends on pervasiveness of guns, injury probabilities and, in particular, the impact of the gun on the probability of success against armed relative to unarmed adversaries. While the sanction on armed offense is max...

The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. There is increasing recognition that corruption has substantial, adverse effects on economic growth. But if the costs of corruption are so hi...

Frustration of purpose remains one of the most ill-defined concepts in the English law of contracts. The same problem has recently attracted also the attention of the French legislature in its modernization of the Code Civil. The French reform entitles courts with broad powers to adjust the contract when unforeseen contingencies have made the bargain unduly costly. This article argues that the ...

European Asylum Policy Policy towards asylum seekers has been a controversial topic for more than a decade. Rising numbers of asylum applications have been met with ever-tougher policies to deter them. Following a period of policy harmonisation, the EU has reached a crucial stage in the development of a new Common European Asylum System. This paper seeks to shed light on what form this should t...

A large variety of problems and results in Extremal Set Theory deal with estimates on the size of a family of sets with some restrictions on the intersections of its members. Notable examples of such results, among others, are the celebrated theorems of Fischer, RayChaudhuri–Wilson and Frankl–Wilson on set systems with restricted pairwise intersections. These also can be considered as estimates...