A modular dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna array design for 18–30 GHz frequency is presented. The module consists of the and RF modules. comprises $4\times 4$ elements with element spacing notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ /2 at 30 GHz. conta...

A new dual-frequency (Ku and Ka band) nadir-pointing Doppler radar on the high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft, called the High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP), has collected data over severe thunderstorms in Oklahoma and Kansas during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). The overarching motivation for this study is to understand the behavior of...

The effective normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of breaking waves, σwb, is empirically derived based on joint synchronized Ka-band and video records the sea surface from a research tower. σwb key parameter that, along with breaker footprint fraction, Q, defines contribution non-polarized backscattering, NP =σwbQ, to total NRCS. Combined right representation regular Bragg specular backscatte...

Global joint measurements of sea surface winds and currents are planned using satellite-based Doppler scatterometers operating in the Ka-band to achieve improved spatial resolution retrieval accuracy. Still, knowledge backscatter properties is poor, particularly, at high (>20 m s−1). Sea radar cross-section Ka-band, contrast that lower frequency Ku-/X-/C-/L-bands, likely more sensitive spray...