Proinflammatory mediators are important in the pathogenesis of IBD, which are regulated by activation of NF-kappaB. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin reduces inflammatory injury and inhibits proinflammatory molecule and NF-kappaB in rats with colitis. Rat colitis model was established by TNBS enema. NF-kappaB p65, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, and IkappaBalpha in colon tissue were...

The activation and latency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are tightly controlled by the transcriptional activity of its long terminal repeat (LTR) region. The LTR is regulated by viral proteins as well as host factors, including the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) that becomes activated in virus-infected cells. The two tandem NF-kappaB sites of the LTR are among the most highl...

The HBx protein is a small polypeptide encoded by mammalian hepadnaviruses that is essential for viral infectivity and is thought to play a role in development of hepatocellular carcinoma during chronic hepatitis B virus infection. HBx is a transactivator that stimulates Ras signal transduction pathways in the cytoplasm and certain transcription elements in the nucleus. To better understand the...

Paclitaxel, a potent antitumor agent, has been shown to be lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimetic in mice, stimulating signaling pathways and gene expression indistinguishably from LPS. In the present study, we showed the intracellular signaling pathway of paclitaxel-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and its suppressive effect on LPS-induced signaling in murine 70Z/3 pre-B cells. S...

NF-kappaB transcription factors induce pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. IL-8) in response to cytokines (e.g. TNFalpha, IL-1beta) or other stimuli. In the basal state, they are sequestered in the cytoplasm by inhibitory IkappaB proteins. Pro-inflammatory signaling triggers polyubiquitination of intermediaries (e.g. RIP1), which activate IkappaB kinases that trigger Ser phosphorylation and degrad...

Regions of the arterial tree exposed to laminar flow, which exerts high shear stress, are protected from inflammation, endothelial cell (EC) death and atherosclerosis. TNFalpha activates NF-kappaB transcription factors, which potentially exert dual functions by inducing both proinflammatory and cytoprotective transcripts. We assessed whether laminar shear stress protects EC by modulating NF-kap...

In the nucleus of the solitary tract, NMDA receptors are critical for the hypoxic ventilatory response while neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) modulates the late component of this response. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that increases the expression of multiple stress-activated genes. We sought to examine temporal changes in expression of NF-kappaB within th...

NF-kappaB signaling is known to be critically regulated by the NF-kappaB-inducible inhibitor protein IkappaBalpha. The resulting negative feedback has been shown to produce a propensity for oscillations in NF-kappaB activity. We report integrated experimental and computational studies that demonstrate that another IkappaB isoform, IkappaBepsilon, also provides negative feedback on NF-kappaB act...

A central mediator of a wide host of target genes, the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors, has emerged as a molecular target in cancer and diseases associated with bone destruction. To evaluate how NF-kappaB signaling in tumor cells regulates processes associated with osteolytic bone tumor burden, we stably infected the bone-seeking MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell l...

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) and NF-kappaB are widely distributed transcription factors which are induced by different stimuli and bind to distinct DNA sequence motifs. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), which activates Stat6, synergizes with activators of NF-kappaB to induce IL-4-responsive genes, but the molecular mechanism of this synergy is poorly understood. Using glutathi...