0272-1716/04/$20.00 © 2004 IEEE Published by the IEEE Computer Society IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 13 We now have access to vast digital data resources that include geospatial referencing.This referencing ranges from precise geographic coordinates, through street addresses, to codes for administrative or other types of regions (such as zip codes and drainage basin indices). GPS rece...

Introduction: The existence of probable lakes on Mars has been recognized for more than two decades [1-4]. Lakes can either be open-basins with both inlet valley(s) and an outlet valley [e.g., 5], or they can be closed-basins that lack an outlet [e.g., 6]. Although both open-and closed-basin lakes were likely present on early Mars, open-basin lakes are easier to study, and we can have higher co...

. introduction if environmental hazards, including those with atmospheric origin and terrestrial origin cause economic and human life losses for human societies, they would be considered as disasters. terrestrial hazards, which mostly occur as catastrophic, may have economic and human life damages when they occur in a small scale but with high intensity. mass movements are among the most import...

introduction active mending rivers are the most dynamic and sensitive parts of the fluvial landscapes. meandering rivers suffer a large geomorphic changes during the annual flood events. based on large flood evidences, reconstruction of the channel bed migration will be possible, which is use for evaluation of future evaluation and flood risk assessment in the flood plain areas. the morphologic...

For the problem of efficiently supplying material to a spatial region from a single source, we present a simple scaling argument based on branching network volume minimization that identifies limits to the scaling of sink density. We discuss implications for two fundamental and unresolved problems in organismal biology and geomorphology: how basal metabolism scales with body size for homeotherm...

In this research, a Decision Support System (“DSS”) was developed, using a combination of various existing models for Integrated Water Management (“IWM”). This DSS is then applied to a small urbanized basin, the Taguri-River basin in Japan. In developing the DSS, different existing dynamic and steady state models were combined. These models include a rainfall-runoff analysis model, two river an...

We synthesize a new fluvial terrace chronostratigraphy of the Bidente and Musone Rivers cast within a broader European framework, which forms the basis of a terrace genesis and river incision model for the northern Apennines, Italy. Our model, supported by terrace long profiles, correlation to Po foreland sediments, 15 new radiocarbon dates, and published numeric and relative stratigraphic ages...

iran is well known for having countless historical and instrumental records of tectonic events. shahriary catchment, as a study area, is part of the zagros collision seismic province. this research aimed to introduce a new method which is useful in identifying the relative active tectonic events of an area. the research method was designed in order to calculate the relative active tectonic inde...

Groundwater, being a vital resource, needs to be developed with proper understanding about its occurrence in time and space. Unscientific sand mining is a dominant environmental issue in this humid tropical river basin namely Bharathapuzha river basin geographically on central part of Kerala state, southwest part of India. The sandy layers along the river course declines its water holding capac...