Ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization of Gd(0001) has been investigated by magneto-induced optical second harmonic generation and the magneto-optical Kerr effect which facilitate a comparison of surface and bulk dynamics. We observe pronounced differences in the transient changes of the surface and bulk sensitive magneto-optical signals which we attribute to transfer of optically excited, spi...

Magneto-optical techniques are key tools for the characterization of magnetic effects at a nanoscale. Here, we present dark-field magneto-optical Kerr effect (DFMOKE), technique have recently developed three-dimensional nanostructures. We introduce principles DFMOKE, based on separation an incident beam into multiple reflected beams when focusing 3D nano-geometry. show modifications needed in s...