PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of ketamine S (+) 5% with no preservatives and administered as a subarachnoid single puncture on the spinal cord and meninges of rabbits. METHODS Twenty young adult female rabbits, each weighing 3500-5000 g and having a spine length between 34 and 38 cm, were divided by lot into two groups (G): 0.9% saline in G1 and ketamine S (+) 5% in G2, by volume of 5 μg per...

Introduction Field immobilization of wildlife using various chemical immobilizing agents has been well documented (Mech et al. 1965; Bigler and Hoff 1974; Gregg and Olson 1975; Deresienski and Rupprecht 1989; Belant 1991, 2005; Kreeger 1999; Gehrt et al. 2001). The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) wildlife research and monitoring section has an ongoing research and management p...

A mixture of ketamine, xylazine, and butorphanol was inadvertently injected into the right carotid artery of a 1-year-old alpaca. Injection was followed by a brief period of recumbency and seizure activity. The alpaca recovered, but was euthanatized 72 hr later because of development of progressive neurologic deficits. Pathologic findings were confined to the right cerebrum, meninges, thalamus,...

Introduction Localized in vivo H NMR spectroscopy in the rat brain has demonstrated alterations in the concentrations of metabolites, mainly glucose, under various anesthetic agents. A high dose of pentobarbital showed significantly decreased glucose in the rat brain compared with rats under isoflurane anesthesia [1]. Similarly, a substantial increase of glucose was reported in rat cortex under...

In the present case report, the comprehensive management of a bilateral mandibular fracture in a single-humped camel including pre-, peri- and post-operative cares is described. A one-year-old camel with the overhanging of the rostral part of the lower jaw which occurred seven days ago was presented. After clinical and radiographic examinations, a bilateral mandibular fracture at the caudal par...

Anesthesia and analgesia are important in human and veterinary medicine, especially in surgical procedures. Rodents, avians, and exotic species are required to be anesthetized using an appropriate anesthetic regimen. This study aimed to suggest a new anesthetic drug and method in order to facilitate anesthesia as well as analgesia among rabbits, laboratory animals, and humans. Spinal inje...