21 Aim Changes in community composition resulting from environmental changes modify biotic 22 interactions and affect the distribution and density of local populations. Such changes are currently 23 occurring in nettle-feeding butterflies in Sweden where Araschnia levana has recently expanded 24 its range northward and is now likely to interact with the resident species (Aglais urticae and Agla...

the aphidiine parasitoids (hym., braconidae) attacking the pest aphids on various pome and stone fruit trees in different parts of iranwere studied. a total of 13 species belonging to seven genera of aphid parasitoids were identified in association with 17 aphid species on 10 different species of fruit trees. sixty nine tritrophic associations were detected from the studied area of which 25 ass...

background: hyalomma anatolicum is the well-known hard tick, which is one of the most important livestock and hu­man pathogens vector, wide range in host and distributed in all over the hyalomma geographic fauna as well as in iran. taxonomy of the hyalomma ssp. is debatable whereas their identification is a problematic work. the reasons for this claim is time consuming delpy’s researches in ira...