introduction: appropriate thyroid hormone (th) levels are essential during the critical period of brain development, which is associated with the growth of axons and dendrites and synapse formation. in rats, oral motor circuits begin to reach to their adult pattern around 3 weeks after birth, the period in which alteration from sucking to biting and chewing occurs (weaning time). trigeminal mot...

introduction: olive leaf contains anti-inflammatory and cox-2 inhibitor compounds. considering the role of the cox enzyme in seizures, this research was performed to assess the effects of this extract in treatment of seizures induced by ptz. methods: in this research, male wistar rats (200±20 g) were injected intra-cerebroventricularly with 1 μl saline or olive leaf extract (125 μg, 250 μg and ...

objective: the study of the relationship between religious beliefs performance and life satisfaction among the elderly in sabzavar city. materials & methods: the data gathered about religious beliefs performance and also life satisfaction among the elderly by survey research and questionnaires in representative sample. the size of sample was 301old persons and the technique of sampling was clus...

INTRODUCTION Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia are anaerobic bacteria commonly involved in root canal infections. Although previous investigations have assessed these species by strictly qualitative approaches, accurate determination of their cell levels by a sensitive quantitative technique may contribute with additional information regarding relevance in pain of endodontic ori...

Bisphosphonates are commonly used in medicine to maintain bone density in patients with certain nonneoplastic diseases or cancers. A serious adverse effect of bisphosphonates that has substantial dental significance is osteonecrosis that appears to uniquely affect the mandible and maxilla without occurring in other bones of the skeleton. Patients with bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of ...

case presentation a 30-year-old male patient with a history of severe, throbbing, constant pain in the lower mandibular molars was referred to the department of endodontics of hamedan dental university. the patient’s medical history was noncontributory. the buccal object rule (same-lingual opposite-buccal technique) confirmed the additional root as a distolingual root (radix entomolaris). follo...

INTRODUCTION Many patients suffer from mild, moderate or severe pain during or after root canal therapy. Theoretically, post-operative pain control can be achieved by using long-acting local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a long acting anesthesia, bupivacaine, on preventing post-operative pain associated with endodontic treatment, and to compare it with lidoc...

The key goals of endodontic therapy include the removal of pulp remnants, necrotic tissue, micro-organisms, and microbial byproducts from the root canal system. Although this may be achieved through endodontic preparation, complete removal is difficult because of the intricate root canal anatomy [1]. Isthmi, apical deltas, intercanal communications, and loops are commonly observed in root canal...

This paper highlights the importance of root canal disinfection. It discusses the different endodontic irrigants available and comments on how these can be used most effectively. Eliminating bacteria from the root canal system is an essential stage in endodontic therapy. An objective of endodontic treatment is removal of diseased tissue, elimination of bacteria from the canal system and prevent...

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of knowledge of the internal anatomy of root canals for the success of endodontic treatment. Lack of knowledge of anatomic variations and their characteristics in different teeth has been pointed out as one of the main cause of endodontic therapy failure. Dental operating microscope plays a key role in the identification of canal and su...