The use of photometric solids into both real time and photorealistic rendering allows designers and computer artists to enhance easily the quality of their images. Lots of such data are available from lighting societies since they allow these societies to easily present the luminance distribution of their often complex ligthing systems. When accuracy is required the amount of discretized lumina...

This paper presents a novel approach for optimal reconfiguration of radial distribution systems. Optimal reconfiguration involves the selection of the best set of branches to be opened, one each from each loop, such that the resulting radial distribution system gets the desired performance. In this paper an algorithm is proposed based on simple heuristic rules and identified an effective switch...

Low-power design is becoming a crucial design objective due to the growing demand on portable applications and increasing difficulties in cooling and heat removal. A clock distribution network (CDN) delivers the clock signal which act as a reference to all sequential elements in the synchronous systems. The clock distribution network consumes a considerable amount of power in electronic devices...

abstract background: the pressure of consumption spots in eater supply systems is one of the most important hydraulic parameters can be used in optimized management of water distribution networks. since the pressure has some different effects on various parameters of the network management including its hydraulic functions, reliability, stability and leakage, its control is of great importance ...

Let V be a vector field distribution on manifold M . We give an efficient algorithm for the construction of local coordinates on M such that V may be locally expressed as some partial prolongation of the contact distribution C (1) q , on the 1 st order jet bundle of maps from R to R, q ≥ 1. It is proven that if V is locally equivalent to a partial prolongation of C (1) q then the explicit const...

This work presents a model for the inclusion of chemical water stability in optimizing the operation of water distribution systems. When desalinated water is mixed with surface water and/or groundwater, the blend can become chemically unstable. Such a state can cause the phenomena of “red water,” an increase in corrosion rates, and a reduction in disinfection efficiency. In this study, a method...

Sometime it is difficult to determine the exact reliability for complex systems in analytical procedures. Approximate solution of this problem can be provided through discretization of random variables. In this paper we describe the usefulness of discretization of a random variable using the reversed hazard rate function of its continuous version. Discretization of the exponential distribution ...

Let V be a vector field distribution on manifold M . We give an efficient algorithm for the construction of local coordinates on M such that V may be locally expressed as some partial prolongation of the contact distribution C (1) q , on the 1 st order jet bundle of maps from R to R, q ≥ 1. It is proven that if V is locally equivalent to a partial prolongation of C (1) q then the explicit const...

In this paper, a new efficient method for load balancing in low voltage distribution systems is presented. The proposed method introduces an improved Leap-frog method for optimization. The proposed objective function includes the difference between three phase currents, as well as two other terms to provide the integer property of the variables; where the latter are the status of the connection...