this study had two main steps. the first one was introducing and examining the long’s model of needs analysis (na) for distinguishing the general language needs. by doing the first step, we tried to recognize the shortages of long’s model, in the second step to realize the general language needs of persian language learners and find out what language functions are needed to be learned for gener...

OBJECTIVE To review the literature concerning the impact of otitis media on language acquisitions in children. SOURCES OF DATA Medline. The following keywords were used for searching: otitis media, hearing, language and children. SUMMARY OF THE FINDING: The hearing loss observed in otitis media may be a result of: 1) structural disorders in the middle ear; 2) ultrastructural lesions and bioch...

This paper proposes a spatial language generation system to find short, accurate and human-like descriptions for robots to communicate with a human user about the location of an object. The research focuses on building static spatial descriptions which use reference objects and directions to describe spatial relations. The system generates a natural spatial description in three steps. In the fi...

We show that the characteristic sequence of a regular language over the alphabet {a, b} is 2-automatic. keywords: finite automaton; regular language; automatic sequence MSC: 68Q45; 68Q70

Sets of top-ranking pages in 19 languages returned by the Google search engine were downloaded and their titles and meta tagged keywords analyzed. Results showed significant differences in proportion of pages with keywords depending on language; specifically, pages in Dutch, French, and German showed the highest proportions with keywords, while pages in Chinese and Korean showed the lowest prop...

Sets of top-ranking pages in 19 languages returned by the Google search engine were downloaded and their titles and meta tagged keywords analyzed. Results showed significant differences in proportion of pages with keywords depending on language; specifically, pages in Dutch, French, and German showed the highest proportions with keywords, while pages in Chinese and Korean showed the lowest prop...

Abstract The role of EFL lecturers’ first language (L1) in the EFL courses has been an ongoing debate. A monolingual approach to EFL suggests that the use of the target language solely in foreign language (FL) classroom improves learning of the target language. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the attitude of Iranian lecturers and EFL learners towards using L1 as...