ROMK channels are regulated by internal pH (pH(i)) and extracellular K(+) (K(+)(o)). The mechanisms underlying this regulation were studied in these channels after expression in Xenopus oocytes. Replacement of the COOH-terminal portion of ROMK2 (Kir1.1b) with the corresponding region of the pH-insensitive channel IRK1 (Kir 2.1) produced a chimeric channel (termed C13) with enhanced sensitivity ...

Strongly rectifying IRK-type inwardly rectifying K+ channels are involved in the control of neuronal excitability in the mammalian brain. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments show that cloned rat IRK1 (Kir 2.1) channels, when heterologously expressed in mammalian COS-7 cells, are inhibited following the activation of coexpressed serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) type 1A receptors by receptor agonis...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Galanin is a widely expressed neuropeptide, which in the gut is thought to modulate gastrointestinal motility and secretion. We aimed to elucidate the poorly characterised mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of galanin and the potential involvement of G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium, Kir 3, (GIRK) channels in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glu...

HLA class I molecules are ligands for natural killer cells’ inhibitory (KIR DL) and activating (KIR DS) receptors. KIR DL receptors have a greater avidity for HLA class I molecules than KIR DS receptors. Thus, there is a possibility that HLA molecules drive KIR receptor selection. We have used the percentage of individuals bearing the genes KIR 3DS1, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 2DL1, 2DL2, 2D...

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Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) MHC-C appears less evolved than human HLA-C: Popy-C is not fixed and its alleles encode only one (C1) of the two motifs for killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) ligands. To assess the structure and complexity of the orangutan KIR locus, the complete nucleotide sequence of an orangutan KIR haplotype was determined. The PopyKIR locus is flanked by LILR and FCAR and consis...

The killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) gene family encodes MHC class I-specific receptors, which regulate NK cell responses and are also expressed on subpopulations of T cells. KIR haplotypes vary in gene content, which, in combination with allelic polymorphism, extensively diversifies the KIR genotype both within and between human populations. Species comparison indicates that formation of new...

background: killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) are expressed on nk cells and a subset of t cells. the variable kir receptors along with their ligands, hla class i, influence risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. objective: to investigate the kir gene profiles in relation to susceptibility to graves’ disease in patients with ophthalmopathy. methods: kir genes profiles were ana...

Purpose: The immune responses of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer vary by patient. Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which are some the major involved in regulating NK cell activity for killing cells, have significant genetic variation. Numerous studies suggested a potential association between variation KIR genes and risk development or prognosis various types. However, an variations gl...

Kcnj10 encodes the inwardly rectifying K(+) channel 4.1 (Kir4.1) and is expressed in the basolateral membrane of late thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), connecting tubule (CNT), and cortical collecting duct (CCD). In the present study, we perform experiments in postneonatal day 9 Kcnj10(-/-) or wild-type mice to examine the role of Kir.4.1 in contributing to the basolateral K...